Four Narrative Positions in Fictions Essay

In fiction novels, one of the most important elements is the authoritative narrator. The narration is the part of the material which guides the readers and keeps them in track of how the story goes. Without this element, everything will be left onto the readers, like the parts of analysis and interpretation, which may lead to confusion. There are several kinds of narrations when it comes to fiction writing. However, although all narrative styles may appear helpful guiding the readers throughout the rest of a novel, the narrative style with the utmost access to the characters consciousness is always the most effective and affective to the readers. John Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Chrysanthemums†: Outside Privileged Narration Looking at the narrative style of John Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Chrysanthemums,† it can be observed that the narrator speaks consistently in the third-person point of view. This is a one of the major properties of outside privileged narration. Another observable characteristic of the narrative position of this novel is that it has all the access to the characters’ emotions, views, feelings, and inner thoughts. The narrator seems to have all the knowledge in terms of how the characters feel as presented in this line: â€Å"Her face was eager and mature and handsome; even her work with the scissors was overeager, over-powerful. The chrysanthemum stems seemed too small and easy for her energy† (Steinbeck page #). Aside from this, the narrator of this story also seems to have the ability to analyze the events it the story as well as the thoughts and dialogues of the characters, which is another distinct characteristic of an outside privileged narrator. This can be observed in the following line: â€Å"Here, for instance, the claustrophobic world of Elisa Allen is signaled by the claustrophobic clouds pressing in on the valley. This frustrated woman will never break free† (Steinbeck page #). Lastly, the narrator nonetheless appears credible since its presence has been close enough to the author’s views. Kate Chopin â€Å"The Story of an Hour†: Outside Effaced Narration In â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, it can be easily seen that the identity of the story does not dwell much on the characters. just like in the â€Å"The Chrysanthemums,† the narrator here also tells the tale in the third-person, all-knowing point of view. However, as compared to the first short story, the narrator in this story does not have much access to the characters’ feelings and thoughts as reflected in this line which barely tells the outside manifestation of the characters’ emotions: â€Å"She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same, with a paralyzed inability to accept significance. She wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment, in her sisters’ arms† (Chopin page #). Moreover, the narrator also does not convey much about its presence as it can be observed that it does not always give sufficient descriptions and analysis, as presented in this line as well: â€Å"The delicious breath of rain was in the air. In the street below a peddler was crying his wares† (Chopin page #). Also, this narrator is reliable in the sense that it shows the characters’ actions and describes what they are supposedly thinking and feeling, specifically that of Louise’s. However, it does not present the inner voice of the characters, nor does it express its own comments about the happenings in the story. Ralph Ellison â€Å"Battle Royal†: Inside Dramatized Narration In Ralph Ellison’s â€Å"Battle Royal,† the narrator appears as the character that is presented as the focus and identity of the novel. The narrator uses first-person pronouns which implies that he, himself is the character of the story which stars him. Unlike the short stories discussed earlier, the narrator in this story has the most access to the characters’ consciousness and feelings as he himself is the character of his own story – which makes his lines more affective and believable. This line clearly presents this attribute: â€Å"I saw them start up the steps and felt suddenly as though my head would split† (Ellison page #). Aside from this, there seems to be no question regarding the domination of the narrator in this story as he himself acts as the one who relates his own experiences: â€Å"Oh God, this wasn’t it at all. Poor techniques and not at all what I intended [†¦] Dispossessed? I cried holding up my hand and allowing the word to whistle from my throat. ‘That’s a good word, Dispossessed! Dispossessed† (Ellison page #). However, in most parts, there seem to be some questions regarding the narrator’s reliability as his and others’ knowledge in the story will always seen insufficient and not all-knowing. William Faulkner â€Å"A Rose for Emily†: Inside Restricted Narrator Just like Steinbeck’s and Chopin’s stories that were presented previously, the identity in this story is not focused on the characters. Also, it holds some similarity with the first two stories as this was also told in the third-person point of view. However, what is different in this story is that it only holds access to the consciousness of some characters and not all, as presented in the following lines: â€Å"The heart of the Rose expanded in kindness to every human being; in tenderness to the dumb creation; and for the vegetable, she felt an enthusiastic admiration. Her unaffected gaiety, and artless fullness would frequently inspire and ease in the manner of naturally reserved Emily† (Fau1kner page #). With regard to the narrator’s domination in the story, it can be seen that it constantly speaks through its own voice at times, yet there are also instances when it combines its thoughts with the character’s views: â€Å"Praise, however indirect, to her mother, always brought a flush of joy to the cheeks of Rose; she gave Emily a kiss of gratitude, and then turned to her flowers† (Fau1kner page #). In terms of the narrator’s reliability, it seems limited in the sense that it presents the shared consciousness of the townsfolk (as the narrator is deemed as the townsfolk due to the constant use of personal pronouns in plural form such as we), but it does not have access to the consciousness of all the characters, especially to the consciousness of Emily as well as the characters close to her (e. g. , the black servant). Upon exploring the different narrative styles in the aforementioned stories, it can be inferred that the reliability of the narrator definitely depends upon how well he or she is knowledgeable about the story and upon whether he or she has access to the characters’ consciousness. Moreover, although all the above-mentioned narrative styles help in guiding the readers throughout the novels, the one which possesses the utmost ability to influence and move the readers still appears to be the narrative style with utmost access to the characters’ feelings and emotions, which is the inside dramatized narrative style. Works Cited Chopin, Kate. â€Å"The Story of an Hour. † Literature for Composition: Essays, Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. 8th ed. Eds. Sylvan Barnet, William Burto, and William E. Cain. New York: Pearson Longman, 2007. pages #s. Ellison, Ralph. â€Å"Battle Royal. † Literature for Composition: Essays, Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. 8th ed. Eds. Sylvan Barnet, William Burto, and William E. Cain. New York: Pearson Longman, 2007. pages #s.

Notes on Psychology

Mary Insinuators: Methods: Insinuators performed a longitudinal study in Uganda. She used home visits, naturalistic observations, and interviews with the mothers of the children, using an Interpreter. The babies ranged from 15 weeks to two years old when the study began, and were observed every two weeks for nine months In a natural environment (the family living room). A researcher observes a child's reactions when a mother briefly leaves her child alone in an unfamiliar room. The way the child behaves during the separation and upon the mother's return can reveal Important Information about attachment.Four categories of behaviors were assured and observed: (1 ) separation anxiety: the unease the infant showed when left by the caregiver, (2) the infant's willingness to explore, (3) stranger anxiety: the Infant's response to the presence of a stranger, and (4) reunion behavior: the way the caregiver was greeted on return The observer noted the behavior displayed and scored the behavio r for intensity on a scale of 1 to 7. Describe the Work of Bowl Bowl was one of the most influential theorists In the area of children's emotional and social development Define â€Å"Attachment† Attachment is the emotional bond between child and caregiver.It can be observed from around 7 months of age, and manifests itself as separation anxiety in the child when the caregiver is not present. A key element in attachment is parent sensitivity Name the 3 Main Theories of Attachment The Strange Situation Paradigm (Insinuators) which showed the different categories of attachment. Bellboy's Internal Working Model, which showed how early attachment patterns resulted in internal schemas about relationships.Continuity Patterns in Romantic Love (Hazy and Shaver), which showed childhood patterns were repeated In adult romantic relationships, and Social ND cultural Factors In Attachment (Van l]candor and Greenberg, Malarkey,et al, which showed attachment patterns were constant cross-cult urally, but which were most prevalent varied by cultural parenting styles. Describe Insinuator's â€Å"Strange Situation Paradigm† An experiment that measured the anxiety and behavior between Infant and mother through a combinations of separations and reunions.Also featured in the â€Å"Strange Situation† was the introduction of a stranger, someone not known to the child, in order to observe the child's reaction Name the 3 Categories of I OFF stressed when mother leaves, seeks contact upon her return. Ambivalent Attachment (type C): infant is distress when mother leaves, quickly seeks contact upon return, but then rejects mother Avoidance Attachment (type A): infant show no distress when mother leaves, avoids contact upon return, and is not afraid of the stranger.Typical of babies of unresponsive mothers. Describe the 4th Attachment Category added by Main and Solomon (1990) Insecure/Disorganized/Disoriented Attachment (type D): child shows no reaction to mother leaving or returning. Associated with abused children. Research Evidence for Attachment Theory: Insinuators (1969) Agenda Project Observed 28 Uganda mothers interacting with their child through naturalistic observations in the home. Measured mother's sensitivity to infants signals and needs, identified as 2 key factors in attachment.If a secure attachment is formed the child will feel worthy of love and attention. This internal model tends to be reproduced in adult relationships. Explain Bellboy's Theory of Attachment History The internal working model reflects an individual's experiences about the accessibility of attachment figure, different experiences may explain different attachment patterns, as well as attachment disorders What does the study of Social and Cultural Factors tell us about Attachment?Cross cultural studies tend to confirm the four attachment categories, but also show different distributions, based on differing cultural practices. Research Evidence for Social and Cultura l Differences in Attachment: Van Condoner and Greenberg (1988) Looked at 32 studies from 8 countries, covering 2,000 infants. They found, for example, that Japan showed more ambivalent attachment than the West, but no avoidance attachment. Secure attachment was more common in the West.Explain Continuity Attachment Patterns in Romantic Love The theory is that the patterns of attachment form in early childhood and that are translated into schemas via the inner working model repeat themselves in adult romantic relationships Research Evidence for Continuity Attachment Theory: Hazy and Shaver (1978) Compared attachments with parents to romantic adult attachments. Assumed inner workings model, and then compared self-reported attachment ACH of Insinuator's categories were roughly the same.Further, secure lovers described their relationships as happy, trusting and friendly, Avoidance lovers displayed fear of intimacy, emotional highs and lows, as well as Jealousy. Bivalent attachment charac terized romantic love as obsessive, filled with highs and lows, extreme sexual attraction, and Jealousy Evaluation of Hazy and Shaver (1978) Supported idea that attachment styles could be found in adult romantic love. Some concern that sample was self-selected and disproportionately female. Forced choices may have skewed the data. However, a follow by Hazy and Shaver ten years later replicated the results.Research Evidence for Social and Cultural Differences in Attachment: Mistake et al. (1985) Explained attachment differences between US and Japan. Japanese mothers put greater emphasis on close relationships, but urge children to develop their own identity and solve problems with a wider social group. US children are more independent, but rely on adults to solve problems. US shows more avoidance attachment, a consequence of independence, while Japanese children show more secure attachment and are more sensitive to group needs as adults.

Censor: regulating the digital environment is difficult and challenging Essay

Bill Hastings, the chief censor, has set forth to propose changes and modifications on the current law that regulates access to and content of video games and movies being marketed and shown to the public. Hastings went forward to ask for the support of Richard Worth, the minister of Internal Affairs in order to expand the coverage and implementation of regulation laws on video games and movies. The decision and advocacy of Hastings to modify laws on regulations of digital contents were based on his belief that current laws are superseded and do not apply to the changing dynamics of digital content. Hastings has acknowledged the exponential development of technology and digital content stating that their continuing advancement should be the same reason why regulation laws should also be adjusted. The thoughts and ideas presented by Hastings relate to the issues of evaluating and controlling technology and digital content. It is true the continuous development of technology makes it difficult to implement laws that evaluate and regulate them. With the passage of time, technology and digital content changes and transforms straying away from the authority and influence of laws that are rigid and inflexible. For these reasons, with the growth and expansion of technology, laws should also be constantly evaluated and adjusted in order for judicial branches and institutions to strictly implement sound regulations consistently and appropriately. This issue is worthy of society’s attention because it relates to the kind of digital content that the public is able to access. With various issues dug up on the certain outcomes of unregulated technology, such as pornography, piracy, adaptation of violent tendencies, exploitation, harassment, etc., society must be made aware of the need for the establishment and implementation or proper regulation laws. NZPA. (2009). Censor Wants to Regulate Online Games. Retrieved 18 Jul 2009, from Television New Zealand Limited. Website: http://tvnz. co. nz/technology-news/censor-wants-regulate-online-games-2465707 A Failure: The Vulnerability of Computer Technology to Hacking Kilgannon and Cohen, correspondents for the New York Times, have covered a Cyberwar games at West Point in New York. Among the contenders were the brilliant computer science and information technology students from various intelligence and security groups and institutions including West Point, the Merchant Marine, Naval Postgraduate School, Air Force Institute of Technology, and so on. The objective of the game was to counteract the cyber threats and challenges from the National Security Agency. Ostensibly, the aforementioned agencies decided to conduct a Cyberwar game as a means to increase their awareness and vigilance towards hacking. In addition, it was the Agency and Defense Department’s scheme in order to identify the most knowledgeable and skilled students and individuals from aforementioned security and intelligence groups and recruit them to boost the resources for national security. The strong campaign of the National Security Agency and Defense Department to go to great lengths in order to increase awareness and preparedness against hacking is a glaring evidence of the risks and threats involved in utilizing computer technology to secure national intelligence and safety. As stated by Kilgannon and Cohen (2009), the game was â€Å"Part of the Pentagon’s effort to increase the military’s capabilities. † The practices and precautions taken by the security, intelligence, and defense agencies in the United States only mean that the pitfalls of computer technology are imminent. The news may be considered a warning and reminder to society about the risks, threats, drawbacks, and problems involved with computer technology. It is a caution against the recording of personal information online since the vulnerability of computer technology to hacking makes it and the Internet unsafe mediums for communication. Kilhannon, C. and Cohen, N. (2009). Cadets Trade the Trenches for Firewalls. Retrieved 18 Jul 2009, from The New York Times Company. Website: http://www. nytimes. com/2009/05/11/technology/11cybergames. html? _r=1 Computer Technology Fails to Secure Cyberspace from Breaches In January, the National Security Agency has revealed a list containing numerous erroneous codes and sequences that would pave the way for security breaches. According to the Agency, there are various possibilities that would lead to security breaches and one of them is leaving systems vulnerable to external attacks and interventions. As the Chief Technology Officer from Veracode, Chris Wysopal said that the softwares being installed in computers should be thoroughly checked and assessed taking note of the existence of the codes and sequences written on the list. Prior to the reproduction of the softwares for computers, the codes and sequences, that proves to be dangers to the security of the system should be cancelled out. Just as the Cyberwar games conducted at West Point imply the vulnerability of computer technology to hacking, the existence and identification of dangerous codes that become the source of security breaches prove the precarious nature of the computer as a system. Apparently, the installation of security applications or softwares with protective features are not adequate in order to ensure that the information being sent and received by users are secure and that their privacy is valued and protected. The inability of computer technology to ensure safety and security is a huge error and failure. With the exponential advancement of technology, security and hacking softwares, programs, and schemes will always cancel out each other leaving the computer a technology that is always open to risks and threats. Once again, this is a warning to society about the dangers of computer technology. Being a technological tool that continuously evolves, people should realize that there will always be security and privacy risks and threats involved with the use of the computer. BBC. (2009). Dangerous Coding Errors Revealed. Retrieved 18 Jul 2009, from BBC. Website: http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/technology/7824939. stm.

Effectiveness of the Leadership Styles at Wal-Mart Coursework

Effectiveness of the Leadership Styles at Wal-Mart - Coursework Example Paternalistic and Democratic are flexible style of leadership and they are being used by Wal-Mart since many years. Wal-Mart takes care of its employees by practicing the paternalistic style of leadership. Wal-Mart tries to supply concern for their employees and in return they gain trust and loyalty of the staff. Through democratic leadership Wal-Mart gives the decision making power to the employees, which promotes the interest of the employees towards the betterment of the organization. However Wal-Mart does not seem keen to practice laissez-faire leadership style, as it wants to restricts the decision making power of the employees. The transactional leadership style is however used by Wal-Mart at times when the find the emotional level of the employees low (5 Different Leadership Styles That All Work!, 2011). The most common and effective leadership style that is being used by Unilever is the transactional style of leadership, which is based on providing materialistic and psychological rewards to the employees on their good performance and also to keep them motivated. This style of leadership is being used through the entire organization. The leaders analyze the cause of the poor performance of the employees and then take corrective actions. The end result of this leadership style have been effective for Unilever, as it helps them reach goal setting, maturity, increase productivity and efficiency of operations. Other leadership styles such as transformational and laissez-faire have not been quite successful at Unilever. However paternalistic and democratic leadership styles have been effective for gaining the trust of the employees and keeping them devoted towards the organization.

Reflection on Ellen White Readings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reflection on Ellen White Readings - Essay Example Followers of the Christian and Catholic faiths should abide by the law that God had declared. The observance of the Sabbath Day is part of the Ten Commandments that were given by God to Moses at Mt. Sinai. Not all Christians or Catholics follow this commandment anymore. Even the calendar that is being used during the past centuries has their weeks starting on what should be considered as the Sabbath day which is Sunday. The Sabbath Day should be observed by those people who believe not just in the scriptures but also in the whole religious belief. God himself laid out the first week as for man to pattern the succeeding weeks that will come. A statement from White in The Desire of Ages, â€Å"Six days were employed in the work of creation; upon the seventh, God rested, and He then blessed this day and set it apart as a day of rest for man.†2 Many urged that Sundaykeeping had been an established doctrine and a widespread custom of the church for many centuries. Against this argument it was shown that the Sabbath and its observance were more ancient and widespread, even as old as the world itself, and bearing the sanction both of angels and of God.3 Sabbath has been barely observed by people especially during the latter decades of the 20th century and even during the first decades of the 21st century. It would be either people are too busy having their leisure vacations or others may have shifts at work. Because of worldly reasons, people have started to ignore the observance of the Sabbath and stating reasons or justifications that God will understand the fact that they need to work or enjoy at least a day after weeks or months filled with strenuous work. There has been an increasing number in the population who fails to observe the Sabbath Day. Could this be a reason why even when people continuously work hard day and night, they still fail to achieve the contentment in different life aspects? White stated that, â€Å"The true joy of life is

Reaction Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Reaction Paper - Essay Example Inflation would be higher than predicted, and consumer prices would rise by 3 percent in the year, .6 percent higher than the previous forecast. The higher forecast reflected the rise in energy prices. 2. Economic Issues: These involved macroeconomic theories, and the article examined the economic growth figures and forecasts in order to determine the state of the economy, using GDP as a measure of that. In other words, the production and consumption based US economy was looking 'solid', suggesting a better standard of living for the population. But the unemployment figures of 4.7 percent and due to rise in the following year that were also discussed, meant that not everybody would benefit from expansion. Linked to the period of prosperity indicated by the GDP forecasts, was a rise of 3.0 percent in inflations, suggesting a cost-push inflation model, due to increases in producer's costs, in this case, attributable to rises in energy prices. 3. Policy Recommendations: To combat inflation and reduce unemployment, government intervention is required. This could include cuts in taxation, government spending, for example on armed forces and conflict involvement, a drain on any economy, and more investment in education, training, and technological advancement.

Sex Tourism on the Kenyan Coast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Sex Tourism on the Kenyan Coast - Essay Example The researches carried out on Sex Tourism makes us familiar with the roles of both sexes as sex workers and the tourists. Homosexuality which still has not been widely accepted in majority of the countries also is a part of it. We are also briefed about the rise of various products which is mainly due to sex tourism and also the various parts of the world where this practice is very active namely the events performed by the gays’ in places like San Francisco in the USA and in Sydney which is in Australia. The various aspects of human nature are also dealt with. The dark sides of our society like Child Prostitution, homo sexuality, and sexual exploitation of slaves as well as concepts like mail order brides are the most common subjects which are brought to the fore through the surveys carried out. The concept of sex tourism has been a matter of great interest and as a result more improved kind of surveys has been thought of to make us more familiar with this curse that is sprea ding at a rapid pace in the whole World. The modern authors have promoted new models to exploit the spread of sex tourism. Researches carried out on sex tourism and their results serve as a very good guideline for those who are in a way related with this issue such as the people who work in the tourism sector, students who are engaged in studies related to gender as well as the society. It also serves as a great medium for those who are involved in studies related to Woman. (Ryan, and Michael, 2001)

Human resource management policies implemented by Watsons Engine Assignment

Human resource management policies implemented by Watsons Engine Components - Assignment Example However there are factors which resist effective management of human resource. In this study, theoretical frameworks have also been incorporated to better analyze HRM policies and functions. A critical perspective for human resource management helps in determining the need for strategic HR planning to enhance company performance. The report will even highlight certain recommendations for Watsons at the end which can be implemented to reduce problems observed within the organization. Various approaches of human resource management are outlined in this study and each of them has a significant impact on workforce productivity. Human resource management is an organizational function structured to maximize employee performance. The major objective of this function is to meet objectives of employer. Management of human resource is related to developing systems and policies for effectively managing workforce in an organization. The units and departments of HR are responsible for employee re cruitment, performance appraisal, training and development and even rewarding. HR is associated with industrial relations, or rather balancing governmental laws and collective bargaining regulations with organizational practices. In 20th century, human relations movement framed the concept of human resource management. Researchers worked on this concept and stated that strategic management of workforce can create competitive advantage for a business.

Culture and Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Culture and Organization - Essay Example Additionally, organizational culture extents its manifestation in ways which an entity allows for autonomy and freedom of making decisions, personal expression, and development of new ideas. Organizational culture gives a clear outline on how information and power flows through its set channels and influences strengths of employees by encouraging commitment towards the organization’s collective goals (Stallman, 2010:4). The culture of an organization is crucial since it affects its productivity and performance mechanism and provides guidelines suitable for establishing an appropriate customer service channel, product quality, and safety. Introduction Southwest Airlines Company is a low cost, American airline that has its base in Dallas, Texas. According to articles published the company’s public relations office, the company came into being in 1967. It adopted its company name in 1971 and by the fifth day of June 2011, documented evidence revealed that the airline is th e largest in the United States basing the data on number of domestic passengers that it carried (Kelly, 2009:22). Despite the fact that the airline operated Boeing 727 aircraft for a very time in the years between 1970s and 1980s, between this stated period and 2012 the scooped identity of the sole airline that operates Boeing 737. In addition to that, by the last day of September 2011, this airline became the world’s largest operator of 737 recording over 550 of these aircrafts already in operation whereby, each operated an average of six flights in a single day. Following its performance and uniqueness, this paper warranted it an intense research based on its organizational culture (Khastar, 2011:2). As such, this paper will seek to analyze the culture of the Southwest Airlines using and applying theoretical frameworks used in the study of organizational culture such as those developed by Schein and Harrison. The concept of organizational culture With reference to Schein th eoretical framework, the processes whereby the Southwest Airlines became the largest Boeing 737 operator in America and globally as well, led it reproduce its systems and practices of management in order to gain competitive advantages over other airlines eyeing the same uniqueness. Nevertheless, despite the fact that it sough to reproduce its management practices as closely as possible, the results were rarely compatible. Generally, the managers encountered issues they did not have to face in the operating environment (Achtmeyer, 2002:2). This is the reason as to why the first notions of culture used by the managing team were so similar to those deployed by the company with the view of defining the national culture. At this point, the development of the concept of organizational culture was ultimately polemic as opposed to what took place with other theoretical constructs such as organizational climate. Scholarly research reveals that, the concept of an organizational culture is a t hing borrowed from basic social sciences, mainly sociology and anthropology (Flamholtz and Randle, 2011:83). As opposed to organizational climate, which is a product of a conducted research, the concept of an organization is a construct embedded in the theoretical framework that employs the use of organizational environment and academics to listen to management theory (Bundgaard, Bejjani, and Helmer, 2006:16). Given the power of the Southwest

ICT Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

ICT - Coursework Example The system in question here is the enterprise resource system which comes in the form of three modules namely performance management, private customers’ management and corporate customers’ management. For this to happen, the study will review the situation the organization was before the change, the process of change in that given period of time. The change will be identified on different frameworks. The study also reviews the upcoming issues that arise from implementation of this system including the costs incurred, the personnel affected, and that benefits that will be reaped from such. In conclusion, the study directs the motives to favor the success of the implementation and who are involved in making such a project a success. In an effort to compete favorably in this highly intensive challenging and changing corporate and business environment, there is every need to embrace the only solution that will bring about smooth running of businesses in the course of those changes. The study as researched below clearly depicts how the introduction of ERP systems into BKK mobile oil has impacted the management ranging form performance to customers. The study is divided into three categories or parts. The first part will cover a detailed background of the company stating the origin and the products or services offered, the environment, both internal and external environment of the organization, the surrounding and the far end markets and the reasons behind the changes that led to the introduction of the system. The second part exposes the process of change and all the upcoming issues accompanying the changes, including any challenge faced. The last part focuses on the widespread of the technology, the costs incurre d in an effort to smoothly shift and the benefits that will accompany. BKK Mobile Oil is a health insurance company whose headquarters are located in the BKK mobile Celle with administration located in Hamburg. This company was founded on 1st

Are rich nations violating the human rights of the world's poor If so, Essay

Are rich nations violating the human rights of the world's poor If so, how - Essay Example Affluent countries are constantly violating human rights of the world’s poor. Freeman (2006) states that although much effort has been put into place to ensure that violation of such rights is eradicated, several factors impede the implementation of measure against rights violations. Through such observations scholars have tried to deduce the link between the affluent and poor countries, as well as, the effects on human rights. Pogge (2000) contends that rich nations have been in the focal position in the violation of human rights and through actions carried out by these rich governments poor nations end up being subjected to abject poverty. Rich nations being part of the society at large have an obligation to assist poor countries in ensuring that all essential basic necessities are available to foster developed. Pogge (2002) argues that rich countries have immensely contributed to violation of human rights through implementation of coercive institutional orders. For instance, international trade agreements that enable their companies benefit through tariffs, quotas, anti-dumping duties, export credits and huge subsidies levied on poor nations. These nations in the pretext of offering support through donations and charity programs end up soliciting favors from poor governments leaders in government projects and such ingenuity thereafter leads to underprivileged and desperate, stunted, uneducated citizenry. The adverse effect of such actions is always felt through poverty and environmental degradation. This is usually as a result of over-consumption that impoverishes poor nations through the monopolization resources by rich countries. Additionally, rich couturiers enter into collaborative alliances with leaders from poor governments with the intent to gain access to their resources while pleasing and aiding the leadership stay of the native leader (Nagel, 2005). Corrupt and oppressive governments in

Goal and Phoenix Career Services Essay Example for Free

Goal and Phoenix Career Services Essay My Career Plan: Work Culture Preference states that I am an ethical well-resourced expert. Based on over one-hundred questions given that narrow down what I would like in an ideal job setting, I had only the choices of not at all or more likely. Knowing my ideal work culture not only would allow me to benefit my organization to achieve goals but will also allow me to achieve personal goals as well. I’m excited to find the work culture preference results returned that being ethical was the first of the three qualities it defined me as. Emphasis on fairness and equal rights has always been important to me, I believe that my timed served in the Navy is a reinforcing factor in that you should not segregate by gender, ethnicity or cultures. There should be no one person that is looked at as inferior or not qualified to complete any task assigned. I would look for the people who would not be afraid to express themselves freely and contribute their thoughts and ideas to better the organization. Navigate to My Career Plan in Phoenix Career Services through the link on the student website. Complete the Career Plan Building Activity: Work Culture Preferences. Explore the resources in the Phoenix Career Services and My Career Plan. Answer the following questions, in at least 350 words, about your work culture preference and the resources in Phoenix Career Services: †¢Were you surprised by your results †¢What resources in the My Career Plan and Phoenix Career Services site did you find that could help you in your career preparations †¢How did the work culture preferences relate to your personal competencies from Week Two? Submit your answers to your facilitator. Individual University Library Research Resources: Appendix E; University Library Interactive Tutorial Locate the University Library by logging on to the student website, selecting Library, and clicking University Library. Find two articles in the University Library about one (or a combination) of the following topics: †¢Career planning †¢Distance learning †¢Ensuring academic honesty †¢Effective personal goal setting †¢Time management skills for college students Use a periodicals database, such as EBSCOhost, to find each article. Review Appendix E for information about using the databases. Practice using the Boolean and wildcard strategies you learned about in the University Library tutorial. Cite each article so it can be found again. You can use the Citation Generator on the Center for Writing Excellence site. Summarize each article briefly in 2 to 3 sentences. If there are specific opinions or facts, document them. Answer these questions about each article: †¢What keyword search led you to this particular article? †¢Why did you choose this article over the others the keyword search also found? Post the article information and summaries for both articles. www. bignerds. com

Tao Heung Case Study Analysis

Tao Heung Case Study Analysis ABSTRACT Tao Heung is a listed company focusing on Chinese restaurant business in Hong Kong and Guangdong. By utilizing Porters five forces model, Chinese restaurant industry is identified to be intensively competitive. Nevertheless, Tao Heung still recorded slight growth by 2009 through successful cost control measures and operational efficiency. The company has strengths of strong financial position, cost efficiency, and good marketing and management capabilities, and weaknesses of imbalanced market presence, business portfolio, and capital structure. The business environment provides it new opportunities for developing new markets and businesses because of improving living standard and purchasing power. Major threats include severe inflation leading to soaring costs related to labour, rent, and food ingredients. TOWS matrix is a technique to formulate possible strategic alternatives matching internal factors to external opportunities and threats. In corporate level, Tao Heung is suggested to adopt market development strategy by using merger and acquisition and leveraging of debt. In business level, enhancing currently adopted cost leadership strategy is recommended. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION Tao Heung is a catering company, focusing on operating Chinese restaurants and mainly operating in Hong Kong and China market. The company was founded in 1991 and was listed on the main board of The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited in 2007 (Stock code. 0573.HK). It is now operating 66 outlets, including various styles of restaurants, in Hong Kong and more than 10 outlets in Mainland China. The business philosophy of Tao Heung is Delicious and Value for Money. It is well known for its quality foods and quality services at relatively low prices, and innovative marketing campaign, such as One Dollar Chicken, at the minds of Hong Kong consumers. One Dollar Chicken campaign was a marketing promotion during the period of financial tsunami in 2008. Consumers could enjoy a dish of chicken for only One Hong Kong Dollars at the restaurants of Tao Heung. The campaign effectively enacted the companys Value for money philosophy. Chinese restaurant is a traditional industry in which there are many inherent shortcomings and flaws. However, Tao Heung is renowned for the use of innovative marketing strategies and modern management techniques in running this traditional business. The objectives of Tao Heung are to become one of the most esteemed and premier Chinese restaurant groups in Hong Kong and China, recognized for innovations and its capabilities to provide high quality food and restaurant service that promise customers exceptional dining experiences (http://www.taoheung.com.hk/eng/corporate/overview.jsp). The goal of strategic management is to leverage a firms capabilities to accomplish its strategic objectives with the balance of all stakeholders interest. Mr. Chung Wai Ping, who is one of the founders of Tao Heung, owns 36.7% of shares in Tao Heung and must be the key stakeholder. However, share owners of a firm are not the only group of stakeholders of the firm in the sense of strategic management. Stakeholders refer to the groups of people who have interests in a firms activities and affect or are affected by the achievement of the firms objectives (Wheelen Hunger, 2010). Therefore, creditors, suppliers, customers, competitors, employees, governments, and public in the communities are the stakeholders of Tao Heung. Tao Heung tries to maximize profit through providing quality foods and exceptional dining experiences to its customers. As a result, it has the capability to repay loans to its creditors, pay taxes to governments, share profits with employees, satisfy the business need of suppliers, and contribute to communities. Meanwhile, its status as one of the most esteemed and premier Chinese restaurant groups in Hong Kong and China inevitably has impact on its competitors. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW AND METHODOLOGY Strategy is defined as a firms theory about how to gain competitive advantages (Barney Hesterly, 2010). Therefore, strategic management is a set of managerial decisions and actions that generates the firms competitive advantage, and, hence, gains above average return (Wheelen Hunger, 2010) (see Figure 1). Mission Objective External Analysis Internal Analysis Strategic Choice Strategy Implementation Figure 1 Strategic Management Process This article aims to critically evaluate the strategic position and direction of Tao Heung. Johnson and Scholes (2007: 16) point out that understanding the strategic position is concerned with impact on strategy of external environment, internal resources and competencies, and the expectations and influences of stakeholders. Therefore, this article will present external environmental analysis and internal analysis of resources and competencies for Tao Heung and evaluate its strategic options accordingly. By conducting external analysis, the critical opportunities and threats in external environment of Tao Heung will be identified, including macro-environment and industry environment in which the firm operates. Porter (1980) contends that a firms profitability is determined by the intensity of competition within the industry it competes. As a result, he developed Five Forces Model for examining the intensity of competition of an industry. In addition, generally adopt PESTEL framework for analyzing a firms macro-environment. The following factors are included in the analysis: Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal factors (Harvard University Press, 2007). By conducting internal analysis, the organizational strengths and weaknesses of Tao Heung will also be identified. The resources and capabilities which are the source of competitive advantage will be identified by internal analysis (Barney Hesterly, 2010). Porter (1985) proposed that Value Chain Analysis is a technique for analyzing source of competitive advantage of a firm. However, according to the Resource-based View, competitive capabilities must be rare, durable, valuable, robust, and not easily be imitated (Grant, 2002). Then, external analysis and internal analysis are synthesized into a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym used to describe the particular Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats that are strategic factors for a specific company (Wheelen Hunger, 2010). Utilizing the result of SWOT analysis, a number of strategic options can be generated. A TOWS Matrix is produced to show how the external opportunities and threats facing a particular firm can be matched with the firms internal strengths and weaknesses (Wheelen Hunger, 2010). Finally, this article will critically justify the strategy that Tao Heung is using and suggest corporate and business level strategy that Tao Heung should use to improve its performance. Corporate level strategy refers to the strategy that creates value to the firm in line with the overall purpose and scope of the firm. Diversification, merger and acquisition, are examples of corporate level strategy. Business level strategy refers to the strategy about how to compete successfully in particular market and achieve competitive advantage (Johnson Scholes, 2007). Porter (1980) suggested three generic competitive strategies: cost-leadership, differentiation, and focus. They are examples of business level strategy. Secondary data from company annual reports, Internet, government statistics, academic journals, CEO interviews, magazines and newspapers will be collected for conducting analysis. 3. ANALYSES Four analyses will be presented here: Industry analysis, Macro-environment analysis, Internal analysis, and SWOT analysis. 3.1 INDUSTRY ANALYSIS According to Five Forces Model, the intensity of competition within Chinese restaurant industry in Hong Kong is determined by five competitive forces (Porter, 1980): Threat of new entrants New entrants are threats to the existing firms within an industry because they bring new capacity to the industry, and a new desire to gain market share and resources. If the entry barrier to the industry is high, the threat of new entrants is lower. The relatively high capital requirements and sunk costs create certain degree of entry barriers for Chinese restaurant industry. According to the information provided by Trade and Industry Department (2006), the capital requirements for opening a Chinese style cafà © was HK$1,275,500. The scale of a Chinese restaurant is 10 to 20 times greater than a cafà ©, the capital requirements are estimated to more than HK$15,000,000. Most of the investment is spent for decoration, facilities, and marketing activities. They are all sunk costs that cannot be recovered. Economies of scale also help establish barriers to entry. Therefore, the major rivals of Tao Heung are big Chinese restaurant groups such as Maxims and Star Seafood. Companies with limited capital have been not easy to start up a new Chinese restaurant in Hong Kong recently. Rivalry among existing firms Hong Kongs Chinese restaurant industry is dominated by several large restaurant groups now. They are Maxims restaurants, Federal Restaurants, Hsin Kuang Restaurants, East Ocean Victoria City Restaurants, Star Seafood Restaurants, and Tao Heung Restaurants. The relatively small number of competitors and roughly equal in size create intensively competitive environment. In addition, the growth rate of this industry is slow. The value of Chinese restaurant receipts and purchases for the first half of 2010 was HK$19,600 million, accounting for 6% increase compared with last year (Census and Statistics Department, 2010). Moreover, the exit barriers of this industry are high because of high sunk costs. Diversity of rivals and differentiation are low. These factors contribute to fierce competition within this industry. Threat of substitute There are many substitute products that can satisfy the same needs of dinning in Chinese restaurant. Consumers would like to gather to mingle and socialize in Chinese restaurants, besides of the dinning needs. But they could satisfy the same needs by going to Western restaurants, fast food restaurants, or even at home. According to Porter (1980), substitute limits the potential returns of an industry by placing a price ceiling. Chinese restaurants cannot charge profitably beyond the perceived values of dinning experiences. Bargaining power of buyers The bargaining power of buyers in this industry is high. The major reason is that consumers can choose their favorite restaurants free of switch costs. The restaurants can create greater product and service differentiation by introducing innovative recipe, and leveraging quality foods and services, in order to erode the bargaining power of buyers. Bargaining power of suppliers The major suppliers of Chinese restaurants are the food suppliers. They are numerous in the market. The products are not unique and restaurants have almost no switch costs to change suppliers. Substitutes are always readily available. Therefore, the bargaining power of suppliers is low. Overall, collective strengths of five competitive forces determine high level of competitive intensity in Chinese restaurant industry. The profit potential of this industry is limited. 3.2 MACRO-ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS PESTEL framework is employed for analyzing macro-environment: Political factors The economic transition policy of the government of Guangdong province intended to change the manufacturing-based economy into high-value-added economy. The results lead to severe factory closure in Southern China. It is a drawback for the market development strategy of Tao Heung since its physical presence in China is mainly in the cities in Guangdong province. On the other hand, after the 2008 financial tsunami, Chinese government introduced measures which aimed at promoting domestic demand and increasing welfare benefits. The purchasing power of Chinese consumers has been increased. Tao Heung is definitely benefited from these measures. Overall, the market potential for Chinese restaurants business seems to be optimistic in the long run. After all, factory closure in Guangdong province is a temporary phenomenon. It will recover when the transition is successful achieved. Economic factors Financial tsunami in 2008 created a very volatile economy for catering industry. Tao Heung recorded a relatively low revenue growth of 5.5% only in 2009 (Tao Heung, 2010). Fortunately, economic conditions both in Hong Kong and China are gradually recovering. However, another economic force has been negatively affecting Chinese restaurant industry since economic recovery. Inflation has been very serious for the recent two years. As a result, the costs of raw materials have been soaring. The profitability of Tao Heung is inevitably eroded. In addition, Tao Heung also faced rental and labour market pressure because of severe inflation. Indeed, rent, food and labour are three major inputs to Chinese restaurant industry. Increased Costs associated with rent, food and labour cause significant negative impact on the Chinese restaurant industry. Social factors Living standard is high in Hong Kong. Besides, as economic growth in China is substantially, living standard is improving accordingly. Thus, there is increasing demand for quality cuisine. Restaurant goers both in Hong Kong and China are not only seeking for food, but also for specialty recipe, quality service, and excellent atmosphere. In addition, there are rising concerns for food safety also. It may be because of recent food safety problems in China and the emerging environmental conservation sentiment. Increasing demand for quality and safety will impose challenges to that industry. On the other hand, it may be opportunities for Tao Heung. Tao Heung is a pioneer in adopting modern management and marketing skills to operate traditional Chinese restaurants. If Tao Heung can cope with the challenges, they can outperform its rivals. Besides, improving living standard in China means more market opportunities, for example, banquets market. Technological factor Advanced information system technology is an enabler of modern supply chain management. Tao Heung has utilized bulk purchase and direct food supply from its logistics centres to enhance cost efficiency. The advancement in food processing technology also creates new opportunities for food catering industry, chilled food trading business. Environmental factor Chinese restaurant operations pollute water when washing foods and dishes. According to the Polluters Pay Principle, restaurants need to pay additional sewage charges. Because of the increased environmental concern in our society, the sewage charges are expected to rise. Besides, consumers are more concern about food safety now because of severe pollution problems. Legal factor The minimum wage legislation process is about to complete in Hong Kong. The initial minimum wage rate will be HK$28 per hour. It is expected to come into force on May 1, 2011 (Labour Department). Tao Heung will face increasing labour costs and human resources pressure. 3.3 INTERNAL ANALYSIS Internal analysis is concerned with identifying a firms internal strategic factors which is the firms critical resources and competencies for success (Wheelen Hunger, 2010). With reference to resource-based view of strategic management, Grant (2004) suggested that an organizations sustainable competitive advantage is primarily determined by its strategic resources and competencies. The following internal strengths are identified to be critical for the success of Tao Heung: Strong financial position Tao Heung has very low debt ratio (about 1%). The value of cash and cash equivalents asset is 428 million at the end of 2009 (Tao Heung, 2010). In addition, Tao Heung is listed company so that it has capability to raise funds from shareholders or public when needed. The strong financial position can support Tao Heung to grow naturally or grow by merger and acquisition. Logistics centres Tao Heung owns a logistics centre in Tai Po (Hong Kong) and Dongguan (China). The logistics centre in China enables it to achieve bulk purchase of food ingredients from their sources. Logistics centres have another role of supplying food products to restaurants of Tao Heung. Foods have been processed before delivering to restaurants. The semi-processed food ingredients can help (1) save the cooking time in restaurants, (2) use less skillful chef, and (3) save kitchen space. Besides, the excess capacities of logistics centres are utilized to manufacture pre-packing chilled food supplied to its own outlets, supermarkets and food centres, providing another source of revenue. Marketing and management capabilities Tao Heung has profound marketing capability. The marketing team has launched some excellent promotion campaigns such as One Dollar Chicken. They have also developed brand awareness in China and have won some awards such as Top 500 Quality Brands in China 2009 and Top 500 Overseas Chinese Merchants in Chinas Market (Tao Heung, 2010). Tao Heung has a lot of innovations in Chinese restaurant management, for example, achieving cost efficiency by using operation of logistics centres. Moreover, Tao Heung will establish a training institute providing professional training to restaurant workers with the cooperation of VTC. The program can ease labour pressure of the industry. Although the economic situation was bad in 2009, Tao Heung could still achieve growth through stringent cost control measures and streamlining of operations. On the other hand, Tao Heung has some weaknesses. It has been too focus on Chinese restaurant business and Hong Kong market. Its peripheral businesses including airline catering, chilled food trading and bakery accounted for a relatively modest amount of total turnover (HK$52 million) in 2009. Besides, Mainland China business accounted for only 17.3% of total turnover in 2009. In addition, its use of debt has been too little. Better use of debt can enhance returns of shareholders, although high level leverage of debt will increase business risk. 3.4 SWOT ANALYSIS A SWOT analysis summaries the key issues from the external environment and the strategic capabilities of an organization that are most likely to impact on strategy development (Johnson Scholes, 2007). Figure 2 shows the internal strengths and weaknesses of Tao Heung, as well as the opportunities and threats from the external business environment. The strengths are strong financial position, cost efficiency, and marketing and management capabilities. The weaknesses are imbalanced market coverage, business portfolio, and capital structure. Opportunities include increasing purchase power, living standard, demand for quality cuisine, and advanced IS technology. The threats include inflation pressure, minimum wage, intense competition, and food safety concern. Strengths Strong financial position Cost efficiency through the use of logistics centres Good marketing and management capabilities Weaknesses Imbalanced market coverage Imbalanced business portfolio Imbalanced capital structure Opportunities Increasing purchasing power in Mainland China Increasing living standard leading to new business opportunities such as banquet Demand for quality cuisine Advanced IS technology enabling efficient supply chain management Threats Severe inflation pressure leading to rising costs related to rent and food. Minimum wage legislation leading to higher labour market pressure Intense competition in Chinese restaurant industry Concerns about food safety Figure 2 SWOT Analysis for Tao Heung TOWS matrix is used to illustrate how the external opportunities and threats facing a particular organization can be matched with that organizations internal strengths and weaknesses to result in four sets of possible strategic alternatives: SO strategies, WO strategies, ST strategies and WT strategies (Wheelen Hunger, 2010) (see Figure 3). Strengths (S) Weaknesses (W) Opportunities (O) SO strategies Generate strategies that use strengths to take advantage of opportunities WO strategies Generate strategies that take advantage of opportunities by overcoming weaknesses Threats (T) ST strategies Generate strategies that use strengths to avoid threats WT strategies Generate strategies that minimize weaknesses and avoid threats Figure 3 TOWS Matrix The possible strategies are listed in the Figure 4. In summary, Tao Heung is suggested to develop new markets, enhance its operation efficiency, rapid expansion into Mainland China, and better use of debt. The strategies can be consolidated into two levels of strategies: corporate and business level. Strengths (S) Strong financial position (S1) Cost efficiency (S2) Good marketing and management capabilities (S3) Weaknesses (W) Imbalanced market coverage (W1) Imbalanced business portfolio (W2) Imbalanced capital structure (W3) Opportunities (O) Increasing purchasing power (O1) Increasing living standard (O2) Demand for quality cuisine (O3) Advanced IS technology (O4) SO strategies Expansion to various food catering businesses (S1O2O3) Rapid expansion into Mainland China (S1O1) Enhance capacities of logistics centres (S2O4) WO strategies Acquire other catering businesses (W2O2) Merger and acquisition in Mainland China (W1O1) Threats (T) Severe inflation pressure (T1) Minimum wage legislation (T2) Intense competition (T3) Food safety concerns (T4) ST strategies Leveraging the use of logistics centres (S2T1) Stringent quality control (S3T4) More stringent cost control (S2S3T1) Improved employee training (S3T2) WT strategies Diversify into other market segments (W1W2T3) Figure 4 TOWS Matrix for Tao Heung 4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Ansoff product/market growth matrix (Figure 5) suggests that a business attempts to grow depend on whether it should market new or existing products in new or existing markets (Johnson Scholes, 2007). Existing Products New Products Existing Markets Market Penetration Product Development New Markets Market Development Diversification Figure 5 Ansoff Product/Market Growth Matrix Concerning with Tao Heungs corporate level strategy, market development is a more suitable strategy. Both new geographical markets and new segment markets should be explored. Although Tao Heung has established its presence in Chinese market, it has only less than 15 restaurants in China by the end of 2010. All of these restaurants are located in Guangzhou and Shenzhen. Tao Heung should expand more rapidly in China market and open more new restaurants in other cities within Guangdong province. Regarding to segment markets, most of restaurants in Hong Kong are seafood restaurants targeting to medium income level families. Tao Heung has adopted multi-branding strategy. The different brands are targeting similar segments using different products. For example, Hak Ka Hut, Chao Inn, and Shanghai Inn provide different style of dishes but target the same segmented customers. Chao Inn and Shanghai Inn even located at the same place. HIPOT is a new brand of Tao Heung. This new brand target young customers. It is a good direction. Tao Heung is encouraged to explore more new segment markets by building more new brands. Tao Heung has mainly used internal development for growth. The only acquisition in the past few years is the acquisition of Tai Chong Bakery. Using companys own resources to develop new businesses is actually a play safe game. However, Tao Heung is suggested to use more merger and acquisition to expand into China market in a more rapid pace. Since Mainland China is a massive market, growth by acquisition could be better than by organic growth. Besides, Tao Heung can better use of debt to balance its capital structure. Porter (1980) suggests three generic strategies to compete with rivals in a market. They are cost leadership, differentiation, and focus strategies. Cost leadership is the strategy that Tao Heung is currently adopting. Tao Heung put much effort on achieving cost efficiency by utilizing logistics centres and stringent cost control measures. . It is a correct direction since Chinese restaurant is a very intensively competitive industry. However, Tao Heung is suggested to focus on maintaining quality cuisine while achieving cost efficiency. To complement cost leadership strategy, diversifying into other food catering business such as bakery and school catering to balance its business portfolio.

An Analysis Of The Savoy Hotel

An Analysis Of The Savoy Hotel The Savoy hotel is a luxurious hotel in the heart of Britain, which is located on the Strand in the City of Westminster in central London. In 1989, the hotel opened by impresario Richard DOyly Carte. It was the first Savoy Group of hotels and restaurants, which introducing electric lights in all over the hotels, electric lifts, bathrooms including expensive furnitures, hot and cold water facilities and many other innovations. The hotel became most successful venture for Cartes. Its bands Savoy Orphans and Savoy Havana Band became famous with entertainers included George Gershwin, Frank Sinatra, Lena Horne and Noel Coward. They have some famous guests as well, which included Edward VII, Enrico Caruso, Charlie Chaplin, Harry Truman, Judy Garland, Babe Ruth, Laurence Olivier, Marilyn Monroe, John Wayne, Humphrey Bogart, Elizabeth Taylor, Barbra Streisand, The Beatles and many more. In 2005, The Savoy Hotel was sold out and is now managed by Fairmont Hotels and Resorts. It has been called Londons most famous hotel (Prynn J. 2009). They are most prestigious and opulent hotel including 268 rooms and there is panoramic view of Themes River across the hotel. In 2007, The Savoy Hotel was close down for their extensive refurbishment, which budgeted was about  £100 million. The hotel conducted a sale of 3,000 items of its famous furnishings and memorabilia. (Davis M. 2007) In 2010, The Savoy hotel was reopened their business and providing good quality service. The ownership and management of the Hotel with The Berkeley, The Claridges, and The Connaught remain unchanged The Savoy Hotel 2| Page 1. Situation Analysis 1.1 Analyse the roles of public, private and voluntary sectors in tourism and hospitality? The public sector in tourism and hospitality industry plays important role in the development of small businesses. This sector is highly important in micro sector development of the industry. The services of public sector of the tourism and hospitality industry include strategic directions that are important for the overall coherent development of the industry (Teo, 2003). The private sector of the tourism and hospitality industry plays important role in the active and passive development of the industry. This sector plays important role for transforming money from one country to the other. This sector is highly important for the economic development of tourism and hospitality industry (Teo, 2003). The third sector of tourism and hospitality industry is voluntary tourism which refers to paid activities such as formal businesses (Teo, 2003). This sector play role in terms of local communities such as difficulties regarding resident involvement. 1.2 Evaluate a range of different tourism and hospitality sectors and the organization that operate within them The tourism and hospitality industry is very broad industry which also includes service sectors such as restaurants, logging, event management, theme parks, transportations and other additional fields. The tourism and hospitality industry accounts for several billions across the world which depends on the disposal income of customers to facilitate them in leisure time. On the other hand, hospitality sector of the tourism and hospitality industry such as hotel, restaurant and other groups may also be included. The Savoy Hotel 3| Page On the whole, the tourism and hospitality industry can be divided into eight major segments. These are: Accommodation Events and Conferences Adventure Tourism and Recreation Tourism Services Attractions Transportation Food and Beverage Travel Trade Analyze stakeholders roles within tourism and hospitality industry The individuals, organizations or groups that have interest or stake in an organization are termed as stakeholders. Practices of organizations can have long lasting impact on the interests of stakeholders. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the interests of stakeholders. In tourism and hospitality industry, the organizations or individuals who have put capital or efforts in the establishment or development of the industry can be referred to stakeholders of the industry. In addition to this, different stakeholders in private and public sector organizations in tourism and hospitality industry can exist (Belinda, 2008). Businesses in tourism, government and communities can have stake in the tourism and hospitality industry. Tourists cannot be considered as actual stakeholders of the tourism and hospitality industry because they do not make significant money through this industry. On the other hand, they can influence the practices of the tourism and hospitality industry because they are involved in the industry from different aspects. Some of the stakeholders of the Savoy Hotel are as follows: The Savoy Hotel 4| Page Government: The most important stakeholder of the Savoy Hotel is government because policies and regulations of the tourism and hospitality industry are shaped by the government. In context of overall tourism and hospitality industry, government influences the practices of organizations in following respects (Belinda, 2008): By consultation with the private sector and other communities, it plans the policies of the tourism industry It ensures that the organizations in tourism and hospitality industry follow the planned policies and regulations It provides support in financial terms and guidance to the companies in tourism and hospitality industry It ensures that stability and law and order situation of the country for attracting tourists Industrialists: Industrialists are also very important stakeholders of the Savoy Hotel. Industrialists include travel agencies, organizations in the industry, and transport agencies. The organizations in the tourism and hospitality industry include hotels, restaurants, and shopping centers. The practices of all these organizations can affect the operations of the tourism and hospitality industry, as a whole. Industrialists can have following interests in the tourism and hospitality industry: To make investment in the tourism and hospitality industry To market their products and services in different organizations in tourism and hospitality industry such as hotels, restaurants and shopping centers To influence the companies for promoting their products and services The Savoy Hotel 5| Page Customers/tourists: Customers or tourists are also important stakeholders in the Savoy Hotel. This group of stakeholders demands value, quality and high customer care. These are the major source of money for the organizations operating in the tourism and hospitality industry (Belinda, 2008). Employees: Employees are the internal stakeholders of the Savoy Hotel. They have high level interest in the internal policies of the tourism and hospitality industry. They demand quality work environment, job security, compensation and truthful communication in the organizations (Belinda, 2008). Local Communities: In Savoy Hotel, local communities are important stakeholders. This is because they attract tourists and impact on their intentions of visiting a particular place. They can have stake in the tourism and hospitality industry in terms of job security, environment protection, promotion of local products and services and promotion of local culture and values. 1.4 Analyze the nature of changes to the structure of tourism industry over last 15 years? Over the last fifteen years, several changes have occurred in the Savoy Hotel.These changes may include: change in oil prices which led to changes in charges of fuel in airlines Increased capacity of aviation on different routes which attract tourists to the tourism and hospitality industry The Savoy Hotel 6| Page low international airfares and cheap packages of travel with discounts which attract tourists towards the tourism and hospitality industry Trends in consumer demographics which change the behavior of customers for tourism law and order situation in different countries Terrorism factor which reduces the tourism in certain countries On the whole, trends in demographics of customers impact the consumer behavior in the tourism and hospitality industry. It is important for the Savoy Hotel in the tourism and hospitality industry to make important steps regarding strategic management relevant to these changes. Organizations should make relevant policies to attract customers. Marketing Report 2.1 Analyse issues around sustainability and sustainable development in tourism and apply management strategies accordingly The sustainable issues in the Savoy Hotel refer to the environment protection. It is important for the hotel to apply certain policies regarding these issues to resolve the problems and disagreements. In the global context, the sustainability issues are very important. Organizations need to develop relevant strategies regarding the sustainable development. On the long term basis, organizations need to develop local as well as global strategies for attracting customers and ensuring sustainable development. The Savoy Hotel 7| Page This is because of integration of sustainable issues across the world. There are many issues in local context which may impact the sustainability in global aspects. Therefore, hotel should integrate their local and global strategies for ensuring sustainability in global tourism and hospitality industry. 2.2 Evaluate certain ways in which tourism can be managed in a sustainable way with reference to given examples There are three major ways through which sustainability issues in global tourism and hospitality industry. These are: Resource based tradition: In this method limitations to growth in hospitality industry are evaluated in resource context Activity based tradition: This refers to the transformation of hospitality industry on dynamic activities Community based tradition: This refers to the integration of resources and activities in the hospitality industry 2.3 Apply principles of corporate social responsibility to a chosen tourism business The corporate social responsibility refers to the commitment of the business to ethical and economic development. In Savoy Hotel, corporate social responsibility issues are highly important. These issues relate to the health and safety conditions. Moreover, commitment towards employees, customers and shareholders are also included in this context (Bhattacharya, 2011). The Savoy Hotel needs to be commitment towards environment in broad sense to fulfill its responsibility towards society. The Savoy Hotel 8| Page On the whole, Savoy Hotel needs to show its responsibility towards following sectors: Workplace Community Marketplace Environment Market Research 3.1 Apply PESTLE analysis to describe the main trends in global tourism industry A business tool that evaluates the different factors of external environment of an organization is termed as PESTEL analysis. This tool analyzes the political, environmental, social, technological, legal and economic perspectives of the environment in which organizations operate. In perspective of tourism and hospitality industry, this tool determines that whether the industry is suitable or not for investment (Miriam, 2011). The PESTEL analysis of global tourism and hospitality industry is as follows: Political Factors Political factors refer to the extent to which government impacts the operations of the organizations in the tourism and hospitality industry. The important political factors such as health protection laws, tax rates, law and order situation and political stability can influence the Savoy Hotel in the tourism and hospitality industry. In the global context, political situation in the Middle East can impact the tourism. Moreover, in countries like Afghanistan and Pakistan, where terrorism threats are high, tourism and hospitality industry is declining. The Savoy Hotel 9| Page Economic Factors Economic factors can also the operations of the tourism and hospitality industry. These factors can influence the revenues and expenses of the hotels operating in the tourism and hospitality industry. The prices of products, raw materials and inflation can impact the industry. Rates of interest and exchange rates can also influence the hotel as well. Financial downturn in the world decreased the purchasing power of the customers and tourists. In this way, overall revenues of the Savoy Hotel were impacted in that financial crisis. Social Factors Social factors may have long lasting impact on the practices of organizations in the tourism and hospitality industry. Health conscious behavior of customers may impact their purchasing behavior in the hotels and restaurant segment of the tourism and hospitality industry (Butler, 2004). Culture and religious practices of people in a particular country may also impact the practices of the Savoy Hotel in tourism and hospitality industry. Technological Factors Technological practices impact the demand and supply factors in the tourism and hospitality industry. Technological efficiency in the tourism and hospitality industry may enhance the demand. If the food technology is efficient in the tourism and hospitality industry, organizations in the restaurants and hotels can have high demand from customers. Organizations can prepare food quickly to meet the demand. Technology may also impact the relationship of hotels with the customers. Efficient technologies can impact customer relationship management in the Savoy Hotel. The Savoy Hotel 10| Page Environmental Issues There are several environmental factors which influence the practices of hotels in tourism and hospitality industry. Packaging decisions are the major considerations in the tourism and hospitality industry. The practices of organizations in the tourism and hospitality industry which cause pollution may impact the image of the organizations in global context. Global warming, climatic conditions in different regions can also influence the practices of Savoy Hotel in tourism and hospitality industry. Legal Issues There are many legal issues which impact the policies of tourism and hospitality industry. Rules and regulations regarding food practices can impact the hotels in restaurant sector of the tourism and hospitality industry. Laws regarding operating business in a foreign country can also impact the operations of hotel in the tourism and hospitality industry. 3.2 Distinguish between the elements of macro and micro environment The macro environment of an organization is a broad environment which aims at the investigation of major issues. This environment is basically refers to PESTEL environment analysis that allows the researchers to focus at the factors which impact a business in external and broad environment context. These factors may include economic, social, technological, political, environmental and legal factors. These factors impact the hotel in different contexts. It is very important for the hotel to adapt to these factors in an effective manner. The results of PESTEL analysis allow the organization to see the factors where its strengths can be capitalized. The Savoy Hotel 11| Page Micro environment refers to a small environment which aims at investigation of a research problem in a small perspective. This environment refers to new patterns of organizations. This environment may include internal and small external environment of an organization. Internal environment may include employees and management. On the other hand, external environment may include suppliers, customers, and competitors. Both types of environment are highly important for the hotels to see their effectiveness for the operations of the business. 3.3 Analyze the effects of macro and micro environmental factors on tourism organization Political factors: Improvement in the trade barriers and opening of new tourism avenues can enhance the scope of Sovay Hotel for tourism (McKercher, 1993) Economic factors: Low bargaining power of customers and clients reduce the tourism revenues of Savoy Hotel. Environmental factors: high concerns of environment such as pollution influence the Savoy Hotel to meld its practices in environment friendly mode Legal factors: Laws and regulations in tourism industry impact the Sovay Hotel to mold its practices according to laws Social factors: behaviors of customers towards healthy food impacts the policies of Sovay Hotel to offer healthy food to customers Technological factors: improvement in technologies and transportation influence the Sovay Hotel to reframe its practices for attracting customers and tourists. The Savoy Hotel 12| Page Sustainability Corporate Social Responsibility 4.1 Evaluate the stages of market research process Defining the Problem or Need: The first stage of the market research process is defining the problem or need. Before conducting the market research, the Savoy Hotel in the tourism and hospitality industry need to identify the main problem or need of the research. They need to conduct investigation to discuss the need of conducting research and define the problems of the organizations. This stage defines the problems or issues that prevail in the organizations and hinder its performance. In order to find the solution of the problems, research is conducted. Deciding the researcher After defining the problem or need of the research in the hotel, the next stage is to decide about the researcher who will conduct the research to resolve the prevailing issues. This stage refers to the formulation of analytical framework or methodology for conducting the research. The researcher creates case studies of the hotel to make exact framework for the research. Deciding the methodology After defining problem and researcher, the next step is to decide about the methodology of the research. This stage refers to the exploration of different methodologies and frameworks for conducting research. These frameworks may include interview, survey or secondary data. It is very important to decide appropriate methodology relevant to the need of the market research. Relevant methodology aims at finding exact solution of the prevailing problems of the organizations (Baker, 2000). The Savoy Hotel 13| Page There can be qualitative or qualitative methodology for conducting the research. In qualitative methods, discussions are conducted with the relevant members for finding the solution of the prevailing problems. Qualitative methodology refers to the investigation of the problems in theoretical manner. On the other hand, quantitative methodology aims at finding the solution f research problems in quantitative terms. This methodology aims at investigating the research problems in numeric terms. Survey is the best tool for conducting quantitative research. There is another methodology which is used to conduct market research. This methodology is mix f qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Many researchers suggest that mixed methodology is effective for finding the justified and logical answers of research questions. Data Collection Process After deciding the research methodology and researcher, the next stage is the data collection process. At this stage, research design is produced for the research. This stage defines the appropriate framework through which research is planned. Aims and objectives of the research are defined at this stage of market research (Saunders et al., 2009). This stage defines that what type of data is to be included in the research. Basically, there are two types of data i.e. primary and secondary. Primary data is the data which does not exists in the earlier records. This type of data is collected for the first time. This data is the most fresh and recent data. Researchers need this data to find the solution of problems. The advantages of this type of data are low biasness, relevance and logical results of research problems. On the other hand, secondary data is the data which exists in the earlier records. This type of data exists in the books, articles and other data bases. Researchers inclu de this data in the research to investigate the issues in theoretical terms. In order to investigate the research problem through secondary data, researchers study existing theories and models regarding the problem. The Savoy Hotel 14| Page This data is easy to collect. There are specific tools for collecting primary and secondary data. In order to collect primary data, survey, interview, focus group discussions or observations are used. On the other hand, secondary data can be collected through books, articles, newspapers and reports. Whatever the data is, the important consideration is to adopt relevant data tool which can investigate the research problem in effective manner. Data Analysis After collection of data, the next stage is to analyze data to find the answers if research questions in an effective manner. At this stage, data analysis techniques are discussed and decided. Data analysis must be relevant to the aims and objectives and research methodology. If data analysis technique is irrelevant to research methodology, justified and logical answers of research question cannot be obtained. Before analyzing data, it is important to present data in tables and appropriate transcripts so that reader can get deep insight of the research. Data analysis must be very effective so that relevant individuals can get benefits from the research findings. If analysis is not appropriate, management cannot get benefit from the market research to decide the solution of problems prevailing in the organizations. Conclusion and Presenting the Report The last stage of market research process is presentation of data and conclusion. This stage is highly important for the researchers as well as for management who are responsible for deriving answers of research questions. It is very important for the researchers to present the findings in an effective manner so that management can take decisions regarding the prevailing problems in the organization. The researcher needs to communicate the findings of the research in an effective manner. The Savoy Hotel 15| Page In market research, management does not take interest in the details of the research process but takes high interest in the findings and conclusion. This is because management has to take decisions regarding prevailing organizational problems. Therefore, if findings are not presented logically and effectively, managements effectiveness in decision making is impact. It is very important for the researcher to present logical and justified recommendations regarding the research problems so that management can take help in decision making. 4.2 Provide a justified proposal for a suitable market research plan for a given organization For the Savoy Hotel, following research plan is proposed in the following stages: Aim and Objectives Data Collection Data Analysis Results and Conclusion Recommendations In analyzing services provided by Savoy hotel elegant dà ©cor services with stylish Italian architecture for key attraction has been provided. The Florence atmosphere with classic marble and mosaic bathrooms with enjoyable and exhilarating experience attracts customers all around. 4.3 Understand the difference between qualitative and quantitative research and evaluate when each might be appropriate Qualitative research is basically exploratory research which aims at obtaining reasons, motivations and opinions regarding the research questions. This type of research is conducted through development of hypothesis in quantitative terms (Saunders et al., 2009). The Savoy Hotel 16| Page This research is used to discover the thoughts, trends and opinions regarding a particular research problem. Qualitative research methods investigate a particular problem in theoretical terms; there are different methods which are used to conduct qualitative research. These methods may include semi structured interviews, observations and focus group discussions. In order to conduct qualitative research, small research sample is selected from the entire population. On the other hand, quantitative research codifies the research problem through numerical data which can be converted into appropriate statistics. This research method is applied in market research to identify the attitudes, behaviors, opinions and suggestions in quantitative terms. The aim of this type of research is to generalize the results on a large sample (Russ and Preskill, 2001). Quantitative research is used to uncover the aims and objectives of the research in quantitative terms. There are several methods through which quantitative research can be conducted. These methods may include surveys, face to face interviews, website interceptors and online polls. This type of research focuses on quantities and numeric for finding the solution of research problems. On the basis of statistics and numeric analysis, quantitative research finds the answers of research questions. On the other hand, qualitative research focuses on qualities such as behaviors and attitudes in real manner. The results of qualitative research are presented theoretically rather than numerically (Russ and Preskill, 2001). Quantitative research is applied at the scenarios where aim is to generalize the result on a large population. On the other hand, qualitative research methods are applied on the scenarios where aim is to discover problem in an organizational setting and find solution of problems. The Savoy Hotel 17| Page 4.4 Evaluate different research methodologies based upon a given scenario There are different types of research methodologies which are implemented on particular scenarios. Each research methodology focuses on particular aims and objectives (Saunders et al., 2009). Some of the research methodologies are as follows: Quaitative research This is first type of qualitative research methodology which refers to investigation of the research problem in theoretical terms. This type of research methodology aims at investigation of research problem in words. In social sciences, qualitative research is conducted. This type of research is conducted in a natural setting so that researchers can get deep insight of the research problem. Quantitative research The second type of research methodology is quantitative research which is used to determine the relationship between different factors. The nature of relationship is quantitative. Mixed research Mixed methodology refers to mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. This type of research methodology is recommended by the researchers for finding logical and justified answers of research questions. Action research This research model refers to studying a particular problem and accomplishing its aims at the same time (Saunders et al, 2009). The Savoy Hotel 18| Page Conclusion Recommendation Explain each of the 7PS and apply them to a chosen organization Product: The Sovay hotel offers services to customers with hotel, restaurants and accommodation service that manage business activities in effective manner. Hotels Restaurants Spas Amigo BocconiRistorante Browns Hotel Browns Lincontro Charles hotel Augustine HIX Mayfair Hotel De Russie Verdura Golf and Spa Verdura Golf and Spa Verdura Golf Spa Resort Rocco Forte hotel Parioli The Balmoral Villa Kennedy Rocco Forte Hotel Hotel Astoria Astoria Gusto Rocco Forte hotel The Savoy Hotel 19| Page Price: The price of room, suites and halls varies with consumer demand. The Edwardian Elegance Suite package 785  £ Every ones an original winter offer 300 £ Savoy festive package 395 £ Savoy Splendor 295 £ Savoy Suite Treat 775 £ Sundays at the Savoy package 250 £ Bed breakfast package 305 £ Cabaret Theatre package 540 £ Impression package 495 £ The Savoy element package 825 £ Top hat theatre package 465 £ The variance in prices in accordance with consumer demand present effective ways of accommodation, theatre package, dinner manage global event and meeting solution. The Savoy Hotel 20| Page Placement: The strategies regarding placement are as follows: Savoy family Suite One king and two twin beds Junior Suite One king bed Deluxe Junior Suite One king bed Savoy Suite One king or one queen bed River view junior suite One king bed Edwardian Suite One Queen bed Art Deco Suite One king bed Art Deco two bedroom suite One king bed River view deluxe suite One king bed Personality Suite One king bed Personality Art Deco Suite One king bed Promotion: 24 hour Butler service, tea and coffee service, Audio i-pod service, unpacking service of arrival, fresh flower, daily news paper , magazine selection, leather desk manage to gather effective promotion services. In perspective of consumer demand dining , meetings and activities were offered. Global event and meeting solutions relevant to prestigious revenue services, divine dances with family oriented, personal or signature packages entertain customers. The Savoy Hotel 21| Page Fairmont Gold Guests, honor bar, relaxing comfort , continental breakfast services were offered Family travel Mayan, Hawaiian culture with resort, games and museum attractions were offered Fairmont Golf Luxury, lodging and property facility for elegant accommodation Fairmont gift cards Award winning restaurants, denomination and currency spas Celebration life Favorable places for positive celebration of life experience Physical Evidence: The services of hot

Its Time to Unionize Student Workers :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

It's Time to Unionize Student Workers If you belong to a labor union, study unions for a living, or are broadly supportive of the role unions play in making capitalist societies fairer, more democratic places to live, you quickly learn the limits of contemporary liberalism's commitment to progressive causes. Individual rights, equality, a voice in the decisions that shape one's life, are all championed for every imaginable identity group, but stop at the factory gates, and the office doors. People like me, who support the right of groups of workers to act collectively to remedy some of the injustices in the workplace, are therefore used to the outlaw status of labor unions, and their mysterious disappearance from the list of progressive causes supported by students and liberal institutions like colleges and universities. Still, even I was shocked by the mean-spiritedness, insensitivity, and plain stupidity displayed by the university newspaper editorial on student-worker organizing, and many of the students interviewed on the subject. Imagine if a protest against a racial or homophobic slur was described as "amusing" and protesters were invited to "collectively suck my dick." Much of the objection to this organizing drive appears to come from the belief that students are just playing at work, that they don't really need the money, that, ultimately, being a student is incompatible with being a worker. There is an interesting parallel with the argument, still around, though it was more popular a century ago, that we don't need to pay women as much as men because men are the primary breadwinners, and women just use what they earn as "pin money," a little extra for recreation and entertainment, not necessary to live on. This was ludicrous then, and it is equally ludicrous for State students today. One of my advisees was unable to register for a workable course schedule next semester because she is working three jobs. She is working three jobs because she can't stay at State without the money, and because all the State jobs pay around the minimum wage, so you have to work many more hours to earn enough to live on. A casual glance at the financial aid figures m akes it clear that students work here because they need to, not just to make a little extra. Higher wages would mean fewer hours worked, more time to study, and better retention rates. By the way, by the university newspaper editorial suggested that the top level of wages paid to students is so generous that students can earn close to as much as their parents if they work long hours. It's Time to Unionize Student Workers :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays It's Time to Unionize Student Workers If you belong to a labor union, study unions for a living, or are broadly supportive of the role unions play in making capitalist societies fairer, more democratic places to live, you quickly learn the limits of contemporary liberalism's commitment to progressive causes. Individual rights, equality, a voice in the decisions that shape one's life, are all championed for every imaginable identity group, but stop at the factory gates, and the office doors. People like me, who support the right of groups of workers to act collectively to remedy some of the injustices in the workplace, are therefore used to the outlaw status of labor unions, and their mysterious disappearance from the list of progressive causes supported by students and liberal institutions like colleges and universities. Still, even I was shocked by the mean-spiritedness, insensitivity, and plain stupidity displayed by the university newspaper editorial on student-worker organizing, and many of the students interviewed on the subject. Imagine if a protest against a racial or homophobic slur was described as "amusing" and protesters were invited to "collectively suck my dick." Much of the objection to this organizing drive appears to come from the belief that students are just playing at work, that they don't really need the money, that, ultimately, being a student is incompatible with being a worker. There is an interesting parallel with the argument, still around, though it was more popular a century ago, that we don't need to pay women as much as men because men are the primary breadwinners, and women just use what they earn as "pin money," a little extra for recreation and entertainment, not necessary to live on. This was ludicrous then, and it is equally ludicrous for State students today. One of my advisees was unable to register for a workable course schedule next semester because she is working three jobs. She is working three jobs because she can't stay at State without the money, and because all the State jobs pay around the minimum wage, so you have to work many more hours to earn enough to live on. A casual glance at the financial aid figures m akes it clear that students work here because they need to, not just to make a little extra. Higher wages would mean fewer hours worked, more time to study, and better retention rates. By the way, by the university newspaper editorial suggested that the top level of wages paid to students is so generous that students can earn close to as much as their parents if they work long hours.

Themes In A Farewell To Arms :: essays research papers

A Farewell To Arms: Themes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are three major themes in Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms. The first themeis enduring love ended only by mortality. The second, the effects of war on a man’s ideals and morals, things which people can and do believe during war. The last and most important theme is Frederic Henry’s disillusionment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hemingway shows that love can persevere in a world ruined with war. Frederic is not looking for love, and when Rinaldi introduces him to Catherine Barkley, he thinks of her as merely a sexual conquest. Henry considers his flirting with Catherine â€Å"like moves in a chess game.†. Henry thinks Catherine is a little bit crazy, and both admit they are acting. At the front, Henry realizes he is lonely without her and misses her. But it is not until he meets her, after he is wounded and sent to an American hospital, that he realizes he loves her. Henry admits he didn’t want to fall in love with her, but even so he has. Their love continues to grow during his stay at the hospital. Their relationship is unusual since they rarely argue. Their ideal relationship provides them with refuge from the war. However, love, has it’s limit, mortality. Henry leaves for the front again he suggests that their romance is only ended by death. He notices because of his love he has become gentle. When he deserts and returns to Catherine he finds comfort, order, and courage. He says, foreshadowing the end of their love, â€Å"If people bring so much courage to this world the world has to kill them to break them, so of course it kills them.†. Henry has become dependent on Catherine. His love for her is strong enough to ease his disillusionment In Chapter 41 their baby is born dead. Henry hopelessly watches as Catherine dies and he is left without comfort or hope.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Henry’s ideals and morals change during the novel. He begins to question the legal and immoral theories of the war and replace them with illegal but moral ideas. For instance, in Chapter 7 Henry meets a soldier who wants to be taken to a hospital which is against the rules. At first Henry objects, but when the soldier asks him â€Å"You wouldn’t want to go in the line all the time, would you?†, he answers no and decides to return later and pick him up. Henry has been unable to find new morals, since he has lost faith in what the leaders proclaim. Another example is the Romantic ideology of the time, the belief