The Five Factor Personality Test - 949 Words

The purpose of the Five Factor Personality Test is to reveal what my personality is like through the feedback at the end, given in 5 small paragraphs, breaking down what each factor means. This also reveals how my interaction with people is like and how I am emotionally and mentally. The test will give me an idea how I am actually like and comparing my scores with other people to see how different everyone is to each other. The 1st Factor is Extraversion (AKA Surgency) and the score I received for this factor is 31 which is above average. With the score I got, it says that I am peppy and that I need or want to talk and hang out with people. Although part of the report is true about being peppy, I do not see myself as always needing others around because most of the time, I like being by myself. I do not agree with the score I got because I actually do not like people that well. I am a rude person that judges people easily. For example, if I were to meet someone new in a class, the first thing I will do is recognize a feature that is very noticeable and I will not say anything about it. Also, if mistakes were made constantly, it would be really obvious and it would bother me a lot even though I would not say anything about it out loud. But I will say what I think is wrong or bad about the person to someone else, even though I know that sounds really messed up and it is. The 2nd Factor is Agreeableness (A KA Friendliness) and my score is 23 which is relatively low. The scoreShow MoreRelatedThe Five Factor Personality Test Essay1082 Words   |  5 Pages 1. I have taken the initiative to, as the textbook suggested, go online to http://www.personalitytest.org.uk/ and take the five-factor personality test. The assessment scored my personality as follows: Extraversion – (21) relatively low Agreeableness – (16) relatively low Conscientiousness – (36) about average Neuroticism – (16) relatively low Openness – (29) relatively high The website clarifies that, â€Å"†¦ relatively low means your score was in the bottom 30%, relatively high in the topRead MoreFive Factor Personality Test Scores775 Words   |  4 PagesFive Factor Personality Test Scores I was excited to take The Five Factor Personality Test, since I have taken it before and would like to see if there were any significant changes within my personality traits. After finding my results, it concluded no significant change. My extraversion score was a 42, which is relatively high. My agreeableness score was a high of 33. My conscientiousness score was 35, which is an average score. My neuroticism score was a 30 and my openness score was a 29, bothRead MoreThe Five Factor Model Of A Personality Test1621 Words   |  7 PagesFive Factor Model Individuals are often confronted with situations in which they only have very little information about the persons they have to interact with; to handle such situations, have been shown to spontaneously form first impressions in an extremely fast manner (Walker Vetter, 2016, p. 609). Personality allows an individual to obtain a specific amount of information about the person as a whole. Within this paper, one will discuss each trait originated under the five factor modelRead MoreFive Factor Model Of Personality Test Essay784 Words   |  4 PagesFive Factor Model of Personality Test Everyone we meet in life will have a different personality. Understanding personality traits can be useful for counselors. Counselors can use personality assessments to learn what influences a person’s development. I took Buchanan’s personality test to discover my personality style. Buchanan’s quiz uses the Five Factor Model of Personality Test (FFPT). Buchanan’s questionnaire covered topics of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, andRead MoreThe Keirsey Temperament Sorter And The Big Five Personality Test1200 Words   |  5 Pages Personality is defined as the unique way in which each individual thinks, acts, and feels throughout life (Ciccarelli, 2014). Numerous individuals are curious in regards to their actions and how their mind works, thus leading companies to create personality tests, in order to provide individuals with some perspective on their personality. While individuals can take personality tests for leisure, personality tests are often utilized in situations such as job interviews, diagnosing mental disordersRead MoreThe Literacy And Understanding Of The Inuit Children1492 Words   |  6 PagesThe hypotheses will be to test whether d ifferent personalities can be or cannot be observed in a group of pre-teens from the Inuit children from northern Canada who will be fluent in the Inuktitut language. The questionnaire will be prepared based on the level of literacy and understanding of the Inuit children. The SPSS software will be used to assess the Big Five (Five Factor Model) Personality Factors (Costa McCrae, 1995). The questionnaires will be translated in the Inuit language and willRead MoreStrengths And Weaknesses Of A Team1198 Words   |  5 PagesTeam Personality Traits Personalities can vary in groups of people from different areas of the country. University of Phoenix Learning Team B reflects similar personalities in which may not be a common aspect in most team environments. The Learn team B truthfully assessed the Big Five Personality test to understand strengths and weaknesses within the team. However, each member has displayed a high regard for team goals and participation. According to each team member the results of the test wouldRead MoreDispositional, Evolutionary And Evolutionary Theory1283 Words   |  6 Pagesattempt to clarify the structures that influence personality, for example dispositional, and Evolutionary theory. This paper will discuss the differences that are among dispositional and evolutionary personality theories, as well as, strengths and limitations of dispositional and evolutionary and biological personality theories their bearing on human behavior. Furthermore, the Big Five personality test and what technique is used t o study personality. Difference Facets relating Dispositional, andRead MoreThe Big Five Personality Constructs1654 Words   |  7 PagesPersonality theories, or models, are metaphors for describing something which is intrinsically indescribable, the human personality. Currently, one of the most popular approaches among psychologists for studying personality theory is the Five-Factor Model (FFM) or Big Five dimensions of personality. This essay will explore the Big Five personality constructs and seek to explain how useful they are to understanding how people are likely to perform in a work situation. In conclusion, this essayRead MoreThe Big Five Personality Traits Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: The â€Å"Big Five personality traits† is also called as the FFM or five factor model which is a model formed on general language descriptors of personality. These descriptors are formed jointly utilizing a statistical method known as factor analysis which is stated as this model is not formed on the tests/experiments†. This broadly observed hypothesis recommended 5 wide dimensions, utilized by few psychologists to explain the psyche the personality of the human. These 5 elements are explained

Information, Network And Cyber Security - 1455 Words

CANDIDATE NAME: NAZIFI IDRIS KHALID STUDENT NUMBER: C1473542 MODULE CODE: CMT 104 MODULE TITLE: INFORMATION, NETWORK AND CYBER SECURITY SEMINAR TUTOR: DR. PETE BURNAP ESSAY TITLE / COURSEWORK: COURSEWORK WORD COUNT: 1500 Review of Existing Literature: The most important goal of any access control model is to provide a verifiable system that guarantees the protection of any information from being accessed by an unauthorised party; in line with some defined security policies (Ausanka-crues 2006). Many access control models have evolved over time that manage access to resources in the organisation. With each one leveraging on a particular element of security. The Bell- Lapadula model for example focuses on Confidentiality; while the Biba†¦show more content†¦The User does not have any privilege to change or modify his setting or access level to any party. On the other end, Discretionary Access Control Model gives the User all the rights and privileges over any object on his profile including all the programs associated with it. This means that the User can be able to modify security settings and privileges for others. This of course is very flexible at the expense of security rigidity. Which in turn may lead to misuse or ab use of privilege which is a major setback for this model. Rule Based Access Control is administered based on some predefined rules set by the Systems Administrator for each User. This means that there are as equal the rules set as the number of Users in the Organisation. This eventually becomes cumbersome as the number of Users gets larger.(Anon n.d.). The Role Based Access Control is based on the user’s role or job functions. Permissions are granted to the role and not the individual. For example if the user performs role of a Deputy Manager, he is mapped to the role of a Deputy Manager. And thus He shares a common role with any other User of the same position in the same Organisation. This access control model offers more flexibility and ease of Management to the Administrator from a central location; as there are fewer roles to manage as compared to the number of Users. Context Aware Access Control takes into consideration the context information of

Cultural Diversity and Economic Performance

Question: Discuss about the Cultural Diversity and Economic Performance. Answer: Introduction Cultural diversity among the employees is a major issue for an organization. In many workplaces, the workers come from different countries carrying with them different language, cast, religion, and lifestyle. Cultural diversity has both positive and negative aspects. Whereas diversity can enhance creativity of the employees, it can also create a situation of conflict. Therefore, the leaders of the organization are required to take effective measures to handle cultural diversities. According to McInnes (2013), in many instances, the leaders face resistance from the employees. Those employees belonging to culturally diverse background often suffer from insecurities. Vance Paik (2015) explained that they feel that the organization would show discrimination towards them. However, it might not be the issue. In such a situation, even the leaders could not communicate with them effectively. It is primary to understand where the problem lies, and if the leaders fail to interact properly wit h the employees, measuring the situation becomes difficult. Again, the organization could not make them realize that cultural diversity conflict is harmful for the organization. Here in this case study, the focus will be on the Australian organizations and their leadership practices that emphasize on managing cultural diversities because Australia is a culturally diverse country. According to Bellini et al (2013), cultural diversity, if maintained properly, can become advantageous to the companies as it helps the leaders to take better decisions. On the other hand, diversities can be a reason of decreased productivity due to various reasons. People of different cultural background not always get along with each other well. As discussed by Trax et al (2015), they indulge into heated debates and try to dominate the other person. If diversity exists in a large scale, the differences in opinions make the situation worse. Again, the minority people may feel that their sentiments are not considered by the organization. Turnovers and absenteeism are two serious results of diversity conflict. It is the responsibility of the leaders to remove the barriers. Otherwise, the conflicts may damage the reputation of the organization. According to Barak (2013), the AHRC (2016), Leading for change publication has identified that the leaders should find out the cultural diversity within the organization. The success of the leaders depends not only on the productivity of the organization but also on the reputation of the organization as a place of work. Conflict arises when the leaders do not pay attention to empowering the employees and understanding their sentiments. Australia is among worlds most culturally diverse countries. However, it is found that many workplaces still does not practice inclusive leadership that should consider the contribution of all employees. It is also found that most of the senior leaders do not fall into this culturally diverse section. Walsh (2014) explained that cultural diversity is not found in large numbers among the members of the ministry. Therefore, in many instances the leaders are unaware of cultural diversity management. Inclusiveness and belongingness are the two methods through which diversity can help the leaders and the employees to work under the same roof cooperatively. According to D'Netto (2014), under-representation of diversity found in leadership can encourage discrimination and bias. Favoring someone over others within a same workplace is often found because the leaders do not belong to the culturally diverse group. As a result, the company has to face financial crisis. It is found in a large scale within the workplace. According to Forrest Dunn (2013), two most important elements of the process to incorporate diversity within the organization are the inclusiveness and belongingness. Harvey Allard (2015) opined that the employees should feel they are integral parts of the organization. Leaders should practice inclusive leadership that encourages such an inclusion. According to Zaballero Kim (2014) Tesltra, the practice of inclusiveness is found. It actually improved their productivity. Many other companies can follow the practices done by Testra to manage cultural diversity. According to Dobbin Kalev (2013), the leaders can remove such barriers through training programs. However, they should have an effective strategy that respects sentiments and perspectives of all the employees. Al Ariss et al (2014) opined that the training program should also encourage the employees to communicate and share with the culturally diverse colleagues. Cultural diversity is a serious issue and it is mainly the duty of the organization to manage them. Inclusiveness ensures an improved workplace environment. All the employees start to feel that they are part of that organization. The keep their faith on the leaders and happily give their best performance for the organizational development. According to Singal Gerde (2015), employees often face racism within the companies by the leaders and they dont gather the courage to stand against their employers. Martn Alczar et al (2013) opined that the company does not understand the diversity situation. According to Peretz (2015), the leaders, instead of encouraging the employees, they judge them according to their races. They inherit negative perceptions about the minorities and incorporate the notions into their decision-making. Guillaume et al (2013) opined that people bore some stereotype notions about people of Asian background. Griffin (2013) said that many Australians feel that they are submissive and quite. Leaders often misjudge the employees merits and demerits because their subjective beliefs about any particular race. According to Wrench (2016), the organizations should employ more culturally diverse people in the senior positions of the company. Marfelt Muhr (2016) discussed that it cannot be denied that if the leaders themselves belong to the culturally diverse community, they try to understand the perception of the minorities present in the organization. Even the employees can feel the urge to communicate with them. Kirton Greene (2015), once CEO of German America Andrea Jung, shared her experience about how much her employees considered her unable to become a leader and she proved them wrong through her work. One can say that such practices give immense encouragement to the employees and the leaders belonging from different cultural background. According to Janssens Zanoni (2014), it also improves performance. Faems Subramanian (2013) opined that the employees do not feel alienated in such a situation. Cultural diversity should be seen a natural phenomena. It should not be correlated with anyones merits and capabilities. In workplaces too, the employees should feel that they are not judged according to their races, instead the organization is capable of considering their performance. This is the main reason of conflicts among the employees. They start believing that the organization is biased toward the majority. The culturally diverse people, therefore, try to justify their own points. They see everything in a negative light. Organization should understand the situation before extends further. It is difficult for a company to measure cultural diversity. According to Lauring (2013), the more improved the data is, the better the assessment can be done. Leadership commitment plays an important role here. Sabharwal (2014) opined that the leaders cannot analyze the situation and understand the diversity related issues without data. As discussed by Richard et al (2013), however, it is a fact that diversity is not always possible to measure through quantifiable data. Therefore, it is difficult for the leaders to measure the progress or deterioration on cultural diversity. Ashikali Groeneveld (2015) opined that again, measuring the cultural diversity is a complex issue. It is more complex than measuring gender diversity because someones perceptions about culture might be a result of more than one feature. According to Christiansen Sezerel (2013), for example, a person might be an inhabitant of Australia and bore the sense of identity of an Australian, yet he might have a backgro und of Italian culture. The setting of targets is an effective solution rather than the quotas that is found in the workplace. Through target setting, the capable employees will get a chance to prove their works. Ortlieb Sieben (2013) discussed that the setting of target should be guided by various policies for maintaining the performance level and also the targets should be achievable so that the employees do not feel the organization forces them. According to Kramar (2012), again, the wrongly set targets might send wrong perception about the leadership and the organization. Nica (2013) opined that target setting is a useful method although it is found that many organizations do not feel the need and they do not understand how to implement it. Therefore, the companies do not implement such policies. According to Chrobot-Mason Aramovich (2013), Australian Human Rights Commission propounded the cultural diversity tool. The tools help the employees and leaders to monitor the progress on cultural diversity. Sultana et al (2013) opined that it sends a message to the employees that the organization is concerned about their employees. The employees also feel that cultural diversity is a concern. Many companies are not legally approved to conduct such a research through collecting data. Still, some companies feel that measurement of cultural diversity is important to evaluate the situation. The leaders should understand the cultural diversities first before influencing the employees. However, it is important to motivate the employees to care about the company. They should be encouraged to perform. This is what the leaders can do by effective tools. Step 5: Recommendations: There are multiple problems regarding cultural diversity within the organization. However, these could be eradicated if the organization plans the diversity management. Some recommendations for diversity management are as follows: The organizations can initiate inclusive leadership. By doing this the leaders will get to know and understand the employee background and cultural diversities. It will help them grow as a leader and solve crisis situations. The organizations can make bias interrupted programs. Through this, they can explore various perspectives about otherness. It can be done through recruitment, leading the team, and talent identification. Through effective training sessions, professional skills of the employees can be increased. The employees from different cultural background can be offered various types of scholarships as a token of encouragement. The leaders can stand and talk against the racial discrimination. The leaders belonging to different cultural background should be recognized by the organization as an integral part of the organization. Communication networks can develop interactivity among the employees. If the employees start respecting each others perspectives, the situation of conflict will not arise. It is the duty of the organization to establish such network groups. Employee action groups can also give effective results. However, it is a part of inclusive leadership. Such groups promote and celebrate the diversities in the workplace. Through websites and serious videos, the knowledge of diversity can be imparted to the employees. The leaders should encourage the employees to practice emotional intelligence that develops self-control among them. The leaders should practice it themselves too. The organization should not neglect any minor issues related to diversity conflict. They should gather knowledge about it through collection of data. Diversity should not be promoted negatively. It should be encouraged by the organization. Conclusion: It can be said that cultural diversity is not a negative aspect rather the organizations should see it in a positive light. Identifying the racial discrimination is not an easy task. It is a fact that some prejudices are deliberately practiced by people rather they are inherited from the age-old traditional beliefs. It may also be that those who feel the biasness are feeling it in multiple dimensions. For example, the women of culturally diverse background may feel the discrimination from double aspects. Therefore, identification becomes complexMany organizations such as Facebook, Tesltra, Mastercard are seen implementing diversity management initiatives. Those have given positive results too, which is the increased productivity. Inclusive leadership is such a step. However, it has a wide connotation and includes multiple steps. It should be remembered that organizational success depends on its stakeholders. Therefore, the leaders should encourage and motivate them for the developmen t of the company. Through the problems, solutions and recommendations these issues are tried to highlighted. References: Bellini, E., Ottaviano, G. I., Pinelli, D., Prarolo, G. (2013). Cultural diversity and economic performance: evidence from European regions. In Geography, institutions and regional economic performance (pp. 121-141). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Trax, M., Brunow, S., Suedekum, J. (2015). Cultural diversity and plant-level productivity. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 53, 85-96. Barak, M. E. M. (2013). Managing diversity: Toward a globally inclusive workplace. Sage Publications. D'Netto, B., Shen, J., Chelliah, J., Monga, M. (2014). Human resource diversity management practices in the Australian manufacturing sector. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(9), 1243-1266. Walsh, J. P. (2014). The marketization of multiculturalism: Neoliberal restructuring and cultural difference in Australia. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 37(2), 280-301. Forrest, J., Dunn, K. (2013). Cultural diversity, racialisation and the experience of racism in rural Australia: the South Australian case. Journal of Rural Studies, 30, 1-9. Harvey, C. P., Allard, M. (2015). Understanding and managing diversity. Pearson. Singal, M., Gerde, V. W. (2015). Is diversity management related to financial performance in family firms?. Family Business Review, 28(3), 243-259. Martn Alczar, F., Miguel Romero Fernndez, P., Snchez Gardey, G. (2013). Workforce diversity in strategic human resource management models: A critical review of the literature and implications for future research. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 20(1), 39-49. Jonsen, K., Tatli, A., zbilgin, M. F., Bell, M. P. (2013). The tragedy of the uncommons: Reframing workforce diversity. Human Relations, 66(2), 271-294 Wrench, J. (2016). Diversity management and discrimination: Immigrants and ethnic minorities in the EU. Routledge. Marfelt, M. M., Muhr, S. L. (2016). Managing protean diversity An empirical analysis of how organizational contextual dynamics derailed and dissolved global workforce diversity. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 16(2), 231-251 Kirton, G., Greene, A. M. (2015). The dynamics of managing diversity: A critical approach. Routledge. Lauring, J. (2013). International diversity management: Global ideals and local responses. British Journal of Management, 24(2), 211-224. Sabharwal, M. (2014). Is diversity management sufficient? Organizational inclusion to further performance. Public Personnel Management, 0091026014522202. Richard, O. C., Roh, H., Pieper, J. R. (2013). The link between diversity and equality management practice bundles and racial diversity in the managerial ranks: Does firm size matter?. Human Resource Management, 52(2), 215-242. Ashikali, T., Groeneveld, S. (2015). Diversity Management in Public Organizations and Its Effect on Employees Affective Commitment The Role of Transformational Leadership and the Inclusiveness of the Organizational Culture. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 35(2), 146-168 Christiansen, B., Sezerel, H. (2013). Diversity management in transcultural organizations. Global Business Perspectives, 1(2), 132-143. Nica, E. (2013). Organizational culture in the public sector. Economics, Management and Financial Markets, 8(2), 179. Srinivasan, M. S. (2015). Integrating Workforce Diversity in Global Business: A Psycho-spiritual Perspective. Journal of Human Values, 21(1), 1-10. Peretz, H., Levi, A., Fried, Y. (2015). Organizational diversity programs across cultures: effects on absenteeism, turnover, performance and innovation. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(6), 875-903. Guillaume, Y. R., Dawson, J. F., Woods, S. A., Sacramento, C. A., West, M. A. (2013). Getting diversity at work to work: What we know and what we still don't know. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 86(2), 123-141 Griffin, R. W. (2013). Fundamentals of management. Cengage Learning. Ewoh, A. I. (2013). Managing and valuing diversity challenges to public managers in the 21st century. Public Personnel Management, 42(2), 107-122. Zaballero, A. G., Kim, Y. (2014). Theoretical Frameworks and Models Supporting the Practice of Leveraging Workforce Diversity. Cross-Cultural Interaction: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, 266. Janssens, M., Zanoni, P. (2014). Alternative diversity management: Organizational practices fostering ethnic equality at work. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 30(3), 317-331. Faems, D., Subramanian, A. M. (2013). RD manpower and technological performance: The impact of demographic and task-related diversity. Research Policy, 42(9), 1624-1633. Ortlieb, R., Sieben, B. (2013). Diversity strategies and business logic: why do companies employ ethnic minorities?. Group Organization Management, 1059601113497094. Kramar, R. (2012). Diversity management in Australia: a mosaic of concepts, practice and rhetoric. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 50(2), 245-261. Chrobot-Mason, D., Aramovich, N. P. (2013). The psychological benefits of creating an affirming climate for workplace diversity. Group Organization Management, 38(6), 659-689. Sultana, M., Rashid, M., Mohiuddin, M., Mazumder, M. N. H. (2013). Cross-cultural management and organizational performance: A content analysis perspective. Cross-Cultural Management and Organizational Performance: A Content Analysis Perspective, 133-146. McInnes, R. (2013). Workforce diversity: Changing the way you do business. Vance, C. M., Paik, Y. (2015). Managing a global workforce. Routledge. Dobbin, F., Kalev, A. (2013). The origins and effects of corporate diversity programs Al Ariss, A., Cascio, W. F., Paauwe, J. (2014). Talent management: Current theories and future research directions. Journal of World Business, 49(2), 173-179.

The Obesity Impact on a Community

Table of Contents Assessment Policy Development Assurance References Assessment Various measures have been used to assess obesity and its health impact on a community. In the same regard, various measures are used to describe the status and needs of a community in assessing the dangers of obesity. One basic measure of assessment is the prevalence levels across different age groups, to determine which section of the population needs the most attention in the reduction of obesity (WellnessProposals, 2011, p. 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Obesity Impact on a Community specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this type of measure, the number of people suffering from the condition, across a given population sample is noted. The second measure of assessment is the lifestyle of a majority of the people in the community (which predisposes them to obesity). This measure is used because obesity is often caused by a sedentary lifestyle, and when a community is identified to live such a lifestyle, it is highly likely that, the prevalence of obesity will be high. The incidence of the disease is also another assessment tool used because it establishes the number of obesity cases within a given population group, and at a given time period. This measure is however not the same as the disease prevalence rate within the community, because it is only specific to the number of new cases observed within the community (assuming a specific population group is sampled at a specific period of time). Policy Development Since obesity has quickly become a communal and national problem in America, there are many policies which have been developed (or are being developed) at a communal or national level. So far, the policies developed at the communal level include the banning of the sale of sodas and candy in public schools because it has been established that, schools are ripe grounds for the thriving of obesi ty, because many cases of obesity are currently being registered in schools as opposed to other social places (Longley, 2011, p. 2). Out of the school context, there is a requirement established for fast food restaurants operating within the community to show the level of fat and calories in the foods they produce. These measures are directly aimed at reducing the rate of obesity within the community because medically, the consumption of fast foods, sodas and candies have been identified as some of the leading causes of obesity. These policies have been adopted by the state government because they have legislative control over public institutions and businesses. In future, the same policies should be implemented at a national level. Assurance In curbing obesity, several programs should be developed to curb excess calorie intake, encourage the consumption of healthy foods and encourage the undertaking of physical activities.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let' s see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, there should be a health promotion and physical activity program and a healthy choice and dietary program to ensure people undertake exercises, at least one hour a day, and strictly observe the consumption of healthy foods. The standards and regulations to be upheld in these health programs should be enforced by the state governments, and upheld in schools to impart proper eating behavior to students at a young age. Teachers should therefore be the enforcers of such programs, but they should be subject to state authority and supervision. The state authorities should therefore be the custodians of the program standards. In further upholding the standards and effectiveness of the above mentioned programs, the observance of these programs should be made a licensure issue, before schools and other learning institutions are registered by the state (Longley, 2011, p. 2). References Longley, R. (2 011). Can Legislation Prevent Obesity in America? Web. WellnessProposals. (2011). Health Promotion and Wellness Programs: Top Health  Risks. Web. This essay on The Obesity Impact on a Community was written and submitted by user Alonzo Madden to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Robinson Crusoe Essays (745 words) - English-language Films

Robinson Crusoe By definition, a savage is an uncivilized person. Friday would not fit this description because he was civilized. He was a product of the civilization that surrounded him where he came from. His appearance, behaviors, and beliefs were that of all the others in what might be called his tribe. The simple fact that he had religious beliefs is evidence of him being somewhat civilized. A savage can also be thought of as anyone or anything not European. Clearly Friday was not European, yet his features were not consistent with what would normally be considered "savage". He is described as having "a very good Countenance, not a fierce and surly Aspect...", "he had all the Sweetness and Softness of an European in his Countenance too...", "His Hair was long and black, not curl'd like Wool...", "The Colour of his Skin was not quite black, but very tawny; and yet not of an ugly yellow nauseous tawny, as the Brasilians, and Virginians, and other Natives of America are...", and "his Nose small, not flat like the Negroes, a very good mouth, thin Lips, and his fine Teeth well set, and white as Ivory" (Defoe 205). When the two characters meet, Friday approaches Robinson Crusoe in a very sedate manner, Friday is terrified yet he does not lash out at Robinson Crusoe. He does not seem wild, ferocious or barbaric in any way. He uses sign language at first to communicate, which indicates knowledge of some sort of primitive language. He is quick to learn Robinson Crusoe's language and is eager to learn more while Robinson Crusoe stays clear of learning Friday's language. It is apparent that Friday has religious or spiritual beliefs right from the beginning. When Robinson Crusoe saves Friday from the savages that brought him to the island to devour him, Friday is extremely grateful and he offers himself as an eternal servant to Robinson Crusoe. "At last he lays his Head flat upon the Ground, close to my Foot, and sets my other Foot upon hi shead, as he had done before; after this made all the Signs to me of Subjection, Servitude, and Submission imaginable, to let me know, how he would serve me as long as he liv'd..." (Defoe 206). After it became evident that Friday was not a threat of any sort, Robinson Crusoe was grateful for his presence. Friday would become a valuable asset for the daily activities of Robinson Crusoe's habitation. All that Robinson Crusoe had filled his days with before the arrival of Friday had become easier by the hands of two men rather than one. Friday's ability to work as diligently as he did is an indication of him being civilized. Along with teaching Friday to speak his language, Robinson Crusoe also made attempts to retrain his eating habits. Friday was a cannibal like those who had brought him to the island in the first place. He enjoyed consuming flesh and Robinson Crusoe made it clear to Friday that this was not acceptable behavior. With reference to the savages that Robinson Crusoe had saved Friday from, "...making signs to me that we should dig them up again, and eat them..." (Defoe 206). "I found Friday had still a hankering Stomach after some of the Flesh, and was still a Cannibal in his nature... I had by some Means let him know, that I would kill him if he offer'd it" (Defoe 208). In time Robinson Crusoe teaches Friday to eat the meat of animals rather than hmans. When asked about his religious beliefs, Friday at first does not understand but eventually he tells of an "old Benamuckee, that liv'd beyond all" (Defoe 216). After many questions, Robinson Crusoe took it upon himself to teach religion to his newfound friend. "I began to instruct him on the Knowledge of the true God" (Defoe 216). Friday was eager to learn. He asked questions that were not always easy to answer but at the same time he absorbed every word that came out of Robinson Crusoe's mouth. Friday was a faithful and loyal companion. Defoe allowed Robinson Crusoe to remain abandoned on this island for many years before Friday appeared. There was a gradual build-up to his arrival and their meeting. Friday's deliverance from certain death was the beginning of Robinson Crusoe's preparation for going back home. He was alone on this island without contact with the outside or civilized world for so long that there needed to e some sort of reorientation to civilization. The appearance of Friday was

Martin Luther King Jr. and the 1963 Revolution essays

Martin Luther King Jr. and the 1963 Revolution essays The summer of 1963 was an important period of the civil right movement. It was during these months that the Birmingham movement took place. In the book Why We Cant Wait, Martin Luther King Jr. discusses the Birmingham movement and why he believes it was important. This essay will discuss what King believed had already been achieved with the civil rights movement before 1963 and what he hoped would be the result of the work done in Birmingham, Alabama and other projects in 1963. King discussed many different tactics that were used before 1963 to move the civil rights movement forward. One of them was the Montgomery bus boycotts. These boycotts started when a woman, Rosa Parks whom King describes as a courageous woman refused to move from her seat on the bus for a white person. Following Parks arrest, many black men and women refused to ride the bus for over a year in order to desegregate the public bus system. King described a working woman who as she walked home from her job, on feet weary from a full days work, she walked proudly, knowing she was with a movement that would bring into being non segregated bus travel. It was Kings belief that all of those involved in this boycott were brave and that the outcome would be worthwhile. Another worthwhile tactic that was used in order to desegregate public places was sit-ins. Negro men would sit at lunch counters that were designated for whites only and would refuse to move until they were served. Most of these men were arrested under the local trespass after warning ordinance before they were served but the point was made that the black community was not going to let their rights be taken from them anymore. King was a supporter of this approach to gaining desegregation. It was his opinion that the men involved in sit-ins were in reality standing up for what is best in the American dream and ...

Early Childhood Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Early Childhood Evaluation - Essay Example According to Neisworth, & Bagnato (2004), young children are being mismeasured if formal assessments are used against them. The authentic assessment alternative for infants and young children, they said, should not be those conventional, norm-referenced testing practices which can be detriment to young children. At play-based schools for young children, teachers and Stanford psychologists conclude that the play is the thing (Firth, 2006). The rationale is that in a play-based environment, curiosity and learning are best encouraged because children can choose from a broad range of developmentally appropriate activities. It is wrong to imagine that classes at play-based schools have no structure - the reason for the adamant stance of policy makers to recognize informal assessments (Firth, 2006). Apparently, the word "play" simply invokes mindless movements and killing time initiatives to those un-initiated, which may explain what people thought of as devoid of assessment. Against this backdrop is the fact that the traditional dichotomy between the public-school system and early education has typically meant that play-based curricula have not been practiced by educators within the public-school system, the locus of most policy makers (Erwin & Delair (2004). In most play-based schools, however, where a typical session in the morning or afternoon in two to three sessions per week, a choice is offered among painting, clay, building with blocks, making a book, carpentry (with wood, hammers and real nails), dressing up, working in the sand, or simply racing around or swinging (Frith, 2006). Schools today are under threat by the NCLB law (New York Times, February 14, 2005). Everywhere, there are protests from states where teachers try to protect their beliefs about teaching. The foremost obligation of educators then, according to Morrison (2006), is to reconcile standards with play-based practice. However, he said, in doing this, the following age-old theories and precepts propounded by educational philosophy should be recognized. For example, teachers believed Piaget (1962) who said play promotes cognitive development and enables children to construct knowledge; they have long recognized Montessori (1912) who said play is children's work; respect had long been granted Vygotsky (1978) who opined that social interactions during play are essential to children's cognitive and emotional development; and they had paid tribute to Erikson (1950) who maintained that play enables children to become partners with their futures. At kindergarten level, the developmental areas to be measured may be on levels of cognition, language or communication, motor, social/emotional adjustment, self-help and adaptive skills at (ERIC clearing house, 1999) but they do not necessarily preclude play as locus of measurements. How could you bring something into the kindergarten setting that would satisfy your AP's need for definitive scores and accountability while still maintaining an appropriate learning environment for the children Culled from the National Science Teachers' Association (NSTA) WebNews Digest from 2004 up to the present are what could shed light into the case of formal assessment: 1) Some 68 percent of Americans were not aware or had minimal knowledge of the federal

Globalization of one place Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Globalization of one place - Term Paper Example However, contemporary globalization marks a critical shift among the nations by bringing the society and its forces into greater proximity to one another. In the Tropic of Chaos, Christian Parenti sheds lights on a new dimension regarding the impact of the increased globalization in the face of climatic changes. He analyzes how the extreme weather had bred to humanitarian crisis, state failure and banditry, ultimately accumulating for a greater catastrophe among the nations. In this paper, we shall analyze the contemporary globalization of Mexico and how it has been influenced by the extreme weather changes and other external forces. Mexico has been a rapidly developing economy from the beginning of the twentieth-century, marked by its progressive changes in the economic and sociopolitical components. The economic and political significance of the country places it at a remarkable spot in the global sphere. Therefore it is important for the country to gain knowledge about the opportunities and potential drawbacks that globalization would bring into its economy. â€Å"Cutting agricultural subsidies, democratization, and giving poor countries a place at the table at trade negotiations are all steps in the right direction.† (Rivoli 256). It could be evident that globalization affects different social sectors of Mexico differently, causing economic, financial, political and environmental disturbances to the nation. The local responses, to these forces of globalization in Mexico, particularly the business and agricultural sectors, cause the major changes to its economy, consequently, facilitating or sustaining the nation’s development globally. Critics have pointed out that the contemporary globalization â€Å"puts jobs and communities at risk in the rich countries and exploits cheap labor in the poorer countries; increases threats to the environment; and undermines the foundations of democracy and social stability by subjecting national

Donations from alumni (past students) are an increasingly important Essay

Donations from alumni (past students) are an increasingly important source of income for universities - Essay Example that in light of the present scenario, fundraising ability has become one of the important aspects of the job description of college presidents and deans at nearly all institutions. In order to meet these strategic requirements, the institutions are presently competing to attract top students as well research and other educational grants. However, a major constraint in this regard is ability of the institutions to access fund from donors. This is because donors usually tend to fund successful programs without considering the fact that even to create a successful program, a particular institution would require fund (NASBO, 2013). Significant dependence on alumni donation for facilitating growth and sustainability draws a distinguishing line between the higher education sector and other industries. Every dime that is invested by alumni is of critical importance for the universities and colleges because it is used to finance various initiatives undertaken and define the margin of success attained (Long and Riley, 2007, Leslie and Ramey1988). Alumni donations are distinct in nature compared other sources of revenue in respect of the higher educational institutions because unlike general revenue sources that are influenced by the administrative choices and characteristics of student bodies, alumni donations are regulated by individuals’ perception and choices. Scholarly interest regarding alumni funding to the universities and other higher educational institutions has increased significantly in recent years. Increasing demand for fund in the health, security, transportation and administrative sectors has allowed a very little share of government expenditure to be allotted to the higher education sector. In addition, the same has been declining consistently over the years (NASBO, 2013). According to Walters (2006), healthcare is the most common reason that is cited by the government bodies for investing and allocating lower amounts in higher education. The

Holy War The Islamic And Christian Context Religion Essay

Holy War The Islamic And Christian Context Religion Essay For centuries Christians and Muslims have fiercely engaged in battles and wars because they believed they will be rewarded by God for waging war in his name. In recent times we have become very familiar with the Jihad; as the media has covered this topic extensively after the September 11 attack that took place in the United States. This act of terror made the Islamic community a focal point of the media, which educated the populace on the violence of Islam or as they choose to call it Holy War. The truth is that, Islam is not the only religion that has committed violence in the name of God. Christianity also has its history of violence and Holy Wars, they were called the Crusades. There were three main reasons given for the Crusades; Rescuing fellow Christians from Invasion and persecution, Conquering or retaking lands in the possession of other religions and fulfilling personal vows to go on a crusade (The Crusades 1). Today we refer to Holy wars as Killing in Gods name, but war an d religion have gone hand in hand for centuries. People go to battle after praying and making sacrifices to God, making them believe that God is on their side because they are fighting for his cause. An example is when Joshua destroyed the Anakites in the Bible. Involving God in such violent acts is not supposed to make a war holy. Fight in the cause of Allah those who fight you but do not transgress limitsAnd slay them wherever ye catch them. And turn them out from where they have turned you out; for persecution is worse than slaughter; but fight them not at the sacred Mosque unless they (first) fight you there; but if they fight you, slay them. Such is the reward of those who reject faith. But if they cease, Allah is oft-forgiving, most Merciful. And fight them on until there is no more persecution. And the religion becomes Allahs. But if they cease, let there be no hostility except to those who practice oppression (The Quran, Surah 2:190-193). The Quran is the holy book of Islam; the above quote is from the Quran it encourages the Holy war. Partly this explains the numerous battles the Muslims were involved in few centuries ago, fortunately in modern times the Jihad is no longer carried on a large scale as compared to the past but there are still some exceptional cases. The Hadith is another important book in Islam and it is second to the Quran. The Hadith contains the recorded sayings and deeds of the Prophet Muhammad and he encourages the Jihad, saying that anyone who dies fighting for Allah will be rewarded, by going to paradise. Many of these sayings have been interpreted in different ways and people have acted according to these interpretations which have lead to brutality and wars. Although in this modern age, with the help of globalization and westernization the frequency and scale of religious wars have declined over time. However, a small percentage of Muslims, the extremists and anti -western ones still dwell on the verses in the Quran that talk about war, conflict and violence. This is what has lead to terrorism and suicide bombings in recent times. In addition, the duty of all Muslims is to do the utmost against those who do not believe in Allah, this was meant for nearest enemies of Muslims but as more Foes arose with time, the statements supporting the Jihad were updated. (Holy War 123) The Muslims are acting according to what they read in their Holy books, most do not feel remorseful for whatever damage they have caused because they believe this are divine instructions of the holy book. Today we do not hesitate to link the word Jihad which means struggle in Arabic to Terrorism, especially after the September 11 attacks. Religious wars and violence happen in some other countries like Nigeria which is one of the most religious countries in the world. In Nigeria, Muslims and Christians clash frequently, fighting and rioting over one problem or the other, but yet the opposing religions know very little about each others believes. Religious wars in Nigeria are fueled by ignorance, tribalism, poverty, politics and struggle for pow er. Another country that has experienced religious war this modern time is India; with a high population of Hindu, a small number of Muslims and a few Christians. Approximately hundred Christians were killed in a recent religious battles and another ten thousand left without a roofs over their head, telling us that religious wars may have reduced but still occurs in some societies. Furthermore, there are two forms of Jihad the greater and lesser Jihad. The phrase internal Jihad or greater Jihad refers to the efforts of a believer to live their Muslim faith as well as possible (Internal Jihad1).This definition is thus because after a battle the prophet said this We are finished with the lesser jihad; now we are starting the greater jihad. He explained to his followers that fighting against an outer enemy is the lesser jihad and fighting against ones self is the greater jihad. (Holy war) This means that the lesser Jihad will refer to the struggle against Unbelievers. Muslims set a great effort to live the way Allah instructed them, the personal Jihad has to do with the teachings while the Jihad against unbelievers is the Practical. However, some scholars find the Quran teachings of morality and encouragement of violence very contradictory. Many historians believe that the true meaning of Lesser Jihad does not necessary encourage fighting and brutality but states that Muslim should take a stand for their religion only when Islam is threatened. The misinterpretation of the lesser jihad, as a cause or reason to fight and engage in violence and brutality does not make it holy. If Islam is not threatened and Muslims wage war against non-believers then this cannot be referred to as Lesser Jihad. Over the years various people have interpreted the Quran, their interpretations were influenced by the struggles that they were experiencing at that time. Factors such as oppression, depression, anger, suffering, hunger for power, hatred and other factors have influenced the interpreters perception of the scriptures. For instance, the Taliban strict and extreme version of Islam has even made other Muslim countries view the Ta liban with suspicion. Osama Bin Laden, the leader of the terrorist group Al Qaeda has quoted the Quran on several occasions to justify their violent actions on the west. Political leaders use religion to convince and justify their selfish desires. Using religion makes their argument convincing because they twist and interpreted the scriptures to serve the purpose and believers easily embrace them and believe it is just. Al Qaeda has used suicide bombing as tactics for attacks and the Quran forbids this. (burk /Norton) By large, Christianity is a religion that preaches peace but the record of killings and destruction in the past is contradictory to its teachings. In the past, wars were fought against those who opposed Christianity; the wars were fought primarily against Muslims. This is because the rise of lslam slowed down and threatened spread of Christianity. lslam under the rule of the Umayyad Caliphate spread from what is now Saudi Arabia in the Arabian Peninsula to Spain and parts of France. (The Origins of the Crusade 1) This made lslam a treat to Christianity and the Catholic Church, which was very powerful during the medieval times. The Church had enough political backing to crush anything or anyone that disobeys or treating the beliefs of the Church. Some have argued about the religious cause of the crusades and these are some of their arguments. Some argue that they were a necessary response by Christendom to the oppression of pilgrims in Muslim-controlled Jerusalem. Others claim that it was political imperialism masked by religious piety. Furthermore, others argue that it was a social release for a society that was becoming overburdened by landless nobles. (Crusades and religious violence 1) Whatever the reason, it does not change the fact that a lot of lives and property were lost in the process. The first Crusades were organized by Pope Urban II in 1095. His main aim was to take Jerusalem from the hands of those he believed were non believers. Pope Urban II helped lay the foundation for many years of bitter and violent fighting between Christianity and other religions. The Crusades were triggered by popes at that time like Pope Urban ll and Pope Eugene III who called for the second crusade (the crusades1). The crusades were also used as a form of regaining the lost lands of Christians and getting more power for the Church. The periods of the crusades were from 1905-1291 CE. In total, there were either eight or nine Crusades, depending on your view. Most historians consider the 9th Crusade to be part of the 8th. It was not only believers of other religions that suffered persecution, some Christians also suffered. Church theologians or leaders dealt with anybody who followed another religion or come up with rational thoughts that threatened Christian beliefs an example is the case of Galileo. Galileos teachings during the 17th century threatened the geocentric view of the universe. He said that the earth revolved around the sun. The church maintained that the earth was stationary and the sun and heavenly bodies revolved around it and this was an accepted fact. Thus were Galileos claims, labeled as the ranting of a heretic and he was confronted by the church leaders and told to recant his theory or face the consequences (which generally meant death). In addition, right after the civil war in the United States, the protestant-led white supremacist Ku Klux Klan members engaged in destruction of property, cross burning, beating, arson, murder rape and whipping against Jew, Catholics and African Americans and other social ethnic minorities. These are grave crimes exhibiting extreme violence and brutality. This was pure Christian radicalism. In addition The Arm of God (AOD) is an underground Christian terrorist organization active in the United States. This gr oup has been involved in anti-abortion violence such as murder, property crimes and kidnapping. All these organization believe they are fighting for the morals of their religion and in the name of God. Consequently, religious violence has lead to religious and ethnic profiling in society. The recent terrorist attacks have found to be rooted to religion and ethnicity thus causing countries to use profiling as a context for law enforcement and counter terrorism. Profiling can be defined as the use of racial, religious or ethnic stereotypes, rather than individual behavior, as a basis for making law enforcement and investigative decisions about who has been or may be involved in criminal activity. The global generalizations about a particular ethnic or religious groups propensity to commit a crime has made life difficult for people with certain ethnicity or religion. Society begins to look at such people as potential threats and this affects their daily lives at school work and social interaction. Finally, today religion is not really considered an act of violence, Christians especially Catholics are not proud of the crusades that happened in the past. This point in history, are now looked upon as a dark period In Christianity. A group of Western Christians recently formed a body, their aim is to repair the damage caused by the crusades by apologizing to the other religions that were affected during that time. But when have Christians demonstrated this love to Muslims or Jews? We have gone to them with swords and guns. We have gone to them with racism and hatred. We have gone to them with feelings of cultural superiority and economic domination. We have gone to them with colonialism and exploitation. We have even gone to them with the Gospel cloaked in arguments of superiority. Only a few have ever gone with the message of Calvary We must do more than carry the message, we must be the message Reconciliation Walk. This kind of movement helps to show that Christians are not will ing to carry out the crusade; no recent case has been heard. Todays Christians want to practice their religion without harming anybody. The same can be said for most Muslims, although some Muslims extremists are obsessed with fighting the west. I believe Muslims and Christians can live together if only they are more welcoming and try to understand each other. In addition, if they abide by the morals and holy teaching of their scriptures then there would be some level of peace and acceptance. Violence in the name of God does not make it holy nor justify it.

Analysis of To My Dear and Loving Husband by Anne Bradstreet Essay

Analysis of To My Dear and Loving Husband by Anne Bradstreet Anne Bradstreet, the author of â€Å"To My Dear and Loving Husband† was a Puritan. This had great influence on the meaning and theme of her poem. This poem was actually not published until almost 40 years after she died. She lived in a harsh religious world where it was looked down upon for women to be courageous and smart. She lived a life that where she was unspoken and obedient to because of her religious belief. She had many concerns and doubts about her puritan beliefs and lifestyle. These doubts are presented in her poem. The main theme of Bradstreet’s poem is her undying love for her husband. In this paper I will discuss how tone and imagery help the reader to understand the theme of this poem. Tone is the manner in which a poet makes his statement; it reflects his attitude toward his subject. Tone is hard to hear in the written word so therefore the reader must make a distinction of how the poet is attempting to sound in the reader’s own mind. In this poem, Bradstreet delivers a tone that is soft and...

John Berger Ways of Seeing Essay

In John Berger’s article, ’Ways of Seeing’, it explains European eighteenth century art and how it relates to many of todays cultural transitions. Before Berger begins explaining the art itself, he tells us about the cultural constructions that exist today. These cultural constructions are enforced and were highlighted through European eighteenth century art. He began by explaining the difference between a man and a woman’s presence. Men’s presence depends how much power he is able to successfully portray. This power can be social, economical, sexual, etc. A woman’s presence expresses her attitude toward herself and in turn how she will allow other to treat her. This explains why women are so critical of them and critique their actions no matter what the situation may be. Berger begins to explain how the art ties into this when he says, â€Å"men act, women appear.† He further explains how men look at women, while women watch themselves being looked at. Thus, a woman is turned into an object. He even provides an interesting example of how women supposedly became subservient to men. In the book of Genesis Eve gave Adam an apple they weren’t supposed to eat. After they ate the apple they became aware and self-conscious of the fact they were naked, so they made clothes for themselves. Eve was punished for eating the apple and giving one to Adam by being made subservient to the man. This relates to art because, in Berger’s words, â€Å"women in paintings are there to feed an appetite, not to have any of their own.† He also explains the nude women in paintings appeal to the men’s sexuality. In European oil paintings the painter is never painted, yet is always assumed to be male. The women in these paintings were treated and/or portrayed as objects, and this view still exists today. It is an unequal relationship that in Berger’s words, â€Å"still structures the consciousness of many women.† The insecurities women feel in a large part comes from the way they have been viewed as object, always needing to be perfect. This is proven through the European eighteenth century art as the way the women are portrayed in the paintings. These views still exist in the media today. Commercials show seductive women gazing into a camera with an equally attractive man staring at them.

Murder of June (A Poem)

Murder of June (A Poem) There ¢Ã‚€Â™s no subject in our parting There ¢Ã‚€Â™s no object in our parting There ¢Ã‚€Â™s no complete sentence in our lives The sleep not knowing the negatives, grumbles We renew at the every turning of ally in the morning The old afternoon voice lacks vowel sounds In the evening, arouses dry laughter with two sneaky hands A day ¢Ã‚€Â™s time is the voice of a murderer, Becomes more insensible as it disguises June! It becomes silent with growth of the sprouts The witch ¢Ã‚€Â™s Sabbath grinning out loud, Hikoboshi, your tender name, Repeating like a imbecile Taking out the old wings of worn-out feelings Presses with silver abstraction The glance upon the stairway of past myth, Becomes more comforting.Call out the name of her crying at the pond of memories Smell your breath, still shaking its head after the season vanished Water spreading and begging to close the backdoor of time The spiritual of June, steps in slowly and murders you The blue garden of June, when the poppy arouses the half-century tongue of fire irons the skin of weak solitude

The Fermentation Process in Wi essays

The Fermentation Process in Wi essays The Fermentation Process in Wine Making Wine making is a long process. After the best grapes have been harvested and pressed they have to go through a process called fermentation. During pressing, when the grapes' skins are broken, yeast, or Saccharomyees ellipsoideus, from the skins comes in contact with the sugar from the insides of the grapes. The yeast enzymes convert the sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide. They also make various by-products that may add to the wine's flavor and aroma. The carbon dioxide escapes into the air, but the alcohol stays in the grape juice, or must. The longer the must ferments the less sugar it will contain. Dry wines are made by letting complete fermentation take place. This lets the yeast change all the sugar into alcohol. If fermentation is stopped, there will be more sugar left in the wine, and it will be sweeter. Sparkling wines are made by adding more sugar and yeast to the wine after it has been transferred to bottles. A second fermentation builds up carbon dioxide in the bottles and this then produces the bubbles. Fermentation gives off heat, so most wineries refrigerate the must so the temperature stays constant throughout the process. White wines are usually kept at about 59F, and red wines are kept at around 86F. The higher temperature in the red wine allows the color and flavor of the skins to transfer to the wine. Yeast isn't only used in wine making. It is a very useful fungus. ...

The Claim for Negligence - Law Cases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

The Claim for Negligence - Law Cases - Essay Example Sue is shown the report by her building society. On the basis of this favorable report, she buys the house. She later discovers the dry rot and has to spend a good deal of money to have it rectified. c) Marianne has bought from Ann the house which is ten years old. When the house was built by Brick Ltd., the plans were approved by Greatshire local authority on the basis of a report of independent consulting engineers. The consultants had failed to report on a problem with the foundations. Cracks have now appeared on the kitchen wall which collapses and falls on Tom’s car which is standing beside it. Marianne is so worried by the state of the house that she sells it at  £20,000 less than its market price. She wishes to sue Brick Ltd. I am British Law student so can you please use British English and British resources. That is a coursework in Tort law it is very, very important to use relevant cases and statues. At the moment we are using a book "Streets on Torts" 12th edition by John Murphy it is also important to use this book in the coursework. As a law student, we have to argue everything all the time from both sides, it is not enough just to describe sth, there have to be arguments. The starting point in a claim for negligence is to show that there has been a breach of a duty of care. In this particular situation, there are several issues to be discussed in respect of liability. It is important to note in all of the above claims that no one has been physically injured in any of the occurrences and therefore all claims will be for pure economic loss1. In establishing who can be claimed against it is necessary to discuss the principles of negligence. Firstly it has to be shown that a duty of care was owed, that the duty of care was breached and that as a direct result of that breach harm was caused to the complainant.

Multi-Culture Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Multi-Culture Britain - Essay Example 144). Therefore, Great Britain is a major destination for immigrants and it is referred to as Multi-Culture Britain today. China has been a major contributor to immigration in Great Britain and it is essential to investigate more about Chinese immigrants in Britain - how the Chinese started their immigration to Britain, what is the current situation of these immigrants, what are the general problems concerning immigration and general racism towards Chinese people and specific problem likes culture shock and people trafficking, etc. There is an important group of British Chinese (otherwise called Chinese British), the oldest Chinese community in Western Europe, including British-born Chinese in Great Britain today and they are of Chinese lineage and were born in or have migrated to the Great Britain. The Chinese immigrants in Britain today, which has been more widespread and decentralized in comparison with most ethnic minorities in the UK, face several severe issues and this paper un dertakes an investigation on their history, their current situation, and their general problems relating to immigration and wide-ranging racism. Tracing the history of Chinese immigration to the Great Britain, it becomes lucid that the first settlement of Chinese people in the United Kingdom started in the early 19th century, though the first recorded history of a Chinese inBritainis that of the scholar Shen Fu Tsong who visited King James II's court in the 17th century and spent time cataloguing the Chinese collection in the Bodleian Library. The first Chinese settlers, who were originally seamen, naturally settled in the port cities of Liverpool and London, and the first Chinatown in Britain was set up in the Limehouse area in East London. "However, the largest wave of Chinese immigration consisted mainly of male agricultural workers from Hong Kong and took place during the 1950s and 1960s Despite restrictions in immigration from current and former British colonies beginning in 1962, significant Chinese migration to Britain has continued, largely by relatives of settled Chinese and those qualified for skilled jobs. Today, a significant proportion of British Chinese are second or third generation descendants of these immigrants." (Chinese Immigration). Most of the immigrants the 1950s and 1960s were employed in Chinese restaurants and laundries, though it is no more the case with recent British Chinese community. Several Chinatowns, where Chinese restaurants and businesses prevail, were also established in numerous British cities and they have become tourist attractions. Significantly, the most important Chinese immigration, characterized by the relaxed Chinese restrictions on emigration, started in the mid-1980s onwards and has continued until today. The present situation of the Chinese immigrants in UK raises serious concerns of national and international characteristics. Along with the general issues of immigrants in the Britain and the issues that arise from the multicultural background of the nation, the Chinese experience several specific issues which distinctive of their immigrant experience in the country. Thus, a major issue is caused by the difference in language and the ensuing isolation and depression are common to the Chinese immigrants in Britain. Though there have been several attempts of support and

The Difference Between Efficiency And Effectiveness Essay

The Difference Between Efficiency And Effectiveness - Essay Example Performance is usually a measure of whether a target has been reached or not. In the case of effectiveness, performance is enhanced as it measures the degree to which an organization meets its target objectives, while efficiency measures that which are used in the achievement of the objectives. In both instances, there is no measure of performance and hence none is more important in such a perspective. Performance is mainly attributed towards the result rather than the process used in realizing the results. In an instance in which minimal resources are used and no objective is met then the performance is reduced, and additionally, if the target is not met regardless of the effectiveness of the process, the performance is low. One aspect of significant importance in both instances is that organizations, managers can improve both simultaneously. Managers usually work towards attaining certain goals for profitability while at the same working on minimizing the associated resources such as time and costs. It is evident that a manager can improve both efficiency and effectiveness simultaneously. In the current business world, numerous ethical issues are experienced ranging from simple to complex issues. One of the greatest issues is that of inversion of privacy, a contribution of technology and communication, which has become an integral part of organizations towards achieving their objectives. In order to understand an ethical issue, it is best to find out the moral obligation behind it.  

Million dollar idea Essay Example for Free

Million dollar idea Essay Marketing an energy juice drink in an environment that is highly-saturated with a lot of excellent power juices is a difficult job since one needs to slug it out with the big well-known brands under giant corporations that have all the power to dominate the scene for years. The big companies possess an advantage in terms of the advertising that enables them to create the best print and television advertisement for their products. The market for energy and stimulant drinks in all trade sectors witnessed an abundance of energy and functional drinks. Most of those who purchase these energy drinks do so to make themselves more energetic. Red Bull remains as the dominant brand. The case for marketing healthy energy juice drinks is a daunting task because it is difficult to come up with an interesting theme and advertisement to catch viewer’s attention and make them shift to one’s product. Even if one has the better product than the ones present in the market, if it is not properly advertised, then all of one’s effort also goes to waste. There are very few energy juices in the market today that can boast of being a healthy juice that can make people healthy when one drinks it. In spite of the vitamin factor, and the other vegetables that may have been included in the drink, juice drink advertisers need to be very conscious about the fact that these juices look all the same to the audience in general so that they need to exert extra effort in thinking of ways to enhance their product and make it stand out amid the other well-accepted juices in the market. Any creative group working behind an advertising campaign is pressed with a serious responsibility of not only promoting the product to produce more sales for the Company, or enjoining the people to patronize the product but most importantly bringing values and points of view to the very consciousness of men. Chivitah can utilise campaign slogans of â€Å"Healthiest and Most Affordable Juice Drink,† it stresses the point that people have to think health and remove the tensions, pressures, tempers. It encourages people not forget to take time out to see the goodness of life†¦ that is to stay connected with people and show that they care for each other even for a moment or two. Chivitah might be that drink that draws people closer to each other and make them realize realise that drinking a bottle of Chivitah will make them bond with people one stays connected with, lightens problems, anxieties and difficulties in life. In designing an effective marketing campaign for Chivitah, it is essential that there will be a creative think tank that will be assigned to conceptualise the product’s assets and begin with some BrainJams on the part of the creative consultants. This is how the company refers to the formal technique of â€Å"brainstorm ing† a topic. The company’s BrainJams are an in informed form of collaboration. In this case, they will set out to pigeonhole the product category defined as an energy drink and then uncover the emotional attachment to Chivitah in particular. The next step is to build on the resulting insights from the BrainJams by bouncing the hypothesis off some consumers and experts from the TalentBank. During the next step in Brain Reserve’s methodology, the Creative Think Tank people for Chivitah energy drink can ask the participating TalentBank members for the most powerful memories, experiences, and emotions they associated with drinking juices. Were there â€Å"juice-enhanced† events in their childhood? Perhaps more than one member reminisced the first time she drank juice gathered from fruits in their yard. There will probably be some experiences about how drinking the juice cured them of their minor ailments. The ultimate conclusion: Drinking energy fruit juices represent a deep-rooted, early seeded symbol of a healthy connection between mothers and children. Chivitah, therefore, can be marketed as built on this foundation and become a conduit for the delivery of wholesome treats. Secondly, they could get involved with the passing on of healthy drinking habits. The very name suggests a healthy and vital relationship to the drink. If one drinks well, one is cleansing one’s system well and not gorging on soft drinks and other sugar-ladened drinks. Thus, the company can decide to pursue this further and narrow the focus even further, to do something specifically about helping mothers and their daughters feel good about themselves. Chivitah can be marketed with the picture of a mother and daughter, having fun in an activity and drinking this juice at the same time, painting a picture of a bonding and friendship. This can be done as they share their Chivitah energy juice drink. Thus, Chivitah can become an integral part of a positive body-image message. The company believes that Chivitah can be launched as one of the nation’s foremost supporters of female self-esteem, built through the mother-daughter connection. This can become a tall order—to strengthen the mother-daughter bond in a Chivitah context. But it will give a big payoff-they could capture a unique positioning with this underlying mission: A rallying point for all customers, mothers and everyone associated with the brand. The shorthand message: â€Å"Chivitah: nourishing a woman’s self-esteem. † Six weeks before Mother’s Day, Chivitah will run ads in major newspapers offering a Mother/Daughter Journal for three proofs-of-purchase. The Journal will be a unique Mom’s Day remembrance. Advertisements for the Journal also laid out details of the more than one hundred Mother/Daughter Workshops to be held in Chivitah markets. The undistinguished point: Chivitah is participating in getting mothers and daughters together, linking them with other mothers and daughters and introducing all participants to tools that nurture self-esteem. Chivitah will also find its way to a Lifetime TV documentary about the first test workshops called â€Å"Mothers and Daughters: A Lifetime Bond. † The market for energy and stimulant drinks will continue to progress and grow as the category steadily matures. The lure of fast-growing profits will eventually go on in order to invite new players into the sector where energy drinks have seen sales double every year since their introduction. Indeed, it is true that one is whatever he eats and drinks. Juices, when taken sensibly can provide an alternative source of energy as lifestyles become more hectic. This is the reason why there are a lot of convenience stores, convenience foods and single serve packaging formats. In this world of consumerism, if a product is disappointing, another option is immediately available. Responding creates marketing that is based on putting together some ideas, then going out and asking consumers what they think and getting a thumbs-up or a thumbs-down. Businesses always say that they do long-range planning. In running an advertising campaign, one has to take into consideration two-way benefits for both the Company and the consuming public. The Company sees the value of advertising to promote their product and gain sales from it; the consuming public on the other hand must see to it that with the product they buy from the Company, they get benefited from it not only in terms of satisfying their taste, their appetite, but the totality of their well being. If these aspects are addressed accordingly by the creative minds of those people working behind the advertising campaign, one can say that they have successfully drawn a campaign that truly serves the essence of advertising campaign—that is using it effectively in a holistic and positive manner that improves the values and intellectual being of men across their nation and around the globe. Works cited Gulas, Charles. Humor in Advertising: A Comprehensive Analysis. M. E. Sharpe. July 2006. Defining Marketing. Retrieved Feb. 10, 2009 at: http://media3. bournemouth. ac. uk/marketing/02defining/02defining. html Trend for fruit and milk juice blend grows. Retrieved Feb. 10, 2009 at: http://www. dairyreporter. com/news/ng. asp? id=12510-trend-for-fruit

john kemeny :: essays research papers

JOHN KEMENY: MATHEMATICIAN   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Kemeny was born on May 13, 1926, in Budapest Hungary. He attended primary school in Budapest. He came from a Jewish family and in 1940, due to the Holocaust, Kemeny’s father moved the family to the U.S. Kemeny’s family moved to New York, and John attended school in New York City. He attended Princeton University where he studied mathematics and philosophy. He took a year off during his undergraduate course to work on the Manhattan project in Los Alamos. John’s boss was Richard Feynman and he also worked with Von Neumann.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He returned to Princeton, and graduated with a B.A. in 1947. He then worked for his doctorate under the supervision of Alonzo Church. Kemeny received his doctorate in 1949 for a dissertation entitled Type-Theory vs. Set-Theory. He was appointed as Albert Einstein’s mathematical assistant while he was still a doctoral student. John continued to study both mathematics and philosophy, and became a professor of philosophy at Princeton in 1951. In 1953 he was appointed to the mathematics department at Dartmouth, and in two years he became chairman of the department. He held his position until 1967. He was president of Dartmouth between 1970, 1981, and 1982. He soon returned to be a full-time teacher.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kemeny co-invented the Basic(Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) computer code. It was in 1963 that John and Thomas Kurtz decided that they wanted to give students easy access to computing. They designed the first system so that many students could use a single computer at the same time. It was designed to allow students to write programs easily. The first Basic program was run at Dartmouth at 2am on May 4, 1964. Kemeny also introduced a new teaching innovation. He developed a Finite mathematics course including topics that we still use today. Some of the topics were logic, probability and matrix algebra.

Apple Supplier Foxconn Employs 14-Year-Olds

The eclectic paradigm is a theory in economics and is also known as the OLI-Model or OLI-Framework. [1][2] It is a further development of the theory of internalization and published by John H. Dunning in 1980. [3] The theory of internalization itself is based on the transaction cost theory. [3] This theory says that transactions are made within an institution if the transaction costs on the free market are higher than the internal costs. This process is called internalization. [3] For Dunning, not only the structure of organization is important. 3] He added 3 more factors to the theory:[3] Ownership advantages[1] (trademark, production technique, entrepreneurial skills, returns to scale)[2] Ownership specific advantages refer to the competitive advantages of the enterprises seeking to engage in Foreign direct investment (FDI). The greater the competitive advantages of the investing firms, the more they are likely to engage in their foreign production. [4] Location advantages [5](exis tence of raw materials, low wages, special taxes or tariffs)[2] Locational attractions refer to the alternative countries or regions, for undertaking the value adding activities of MNEs.The more the immobile, natural or created resources, which firms need to use jointly with their own competitive advantages, favor a presence in a foreign location, the more firms will choose to augment or exploit their O specific advantages by engaging in FDI. [4] Internalization advantages (advantages by own production rather than producing through a partnership arrangement such as licensing or a joint venture)[2] Firms may organize the creation and exploitation of their core competencies.The greater the net benefits of internalizing cross-border intermediate product markets, the more likely a firm will prefer to engage in foreign production itself rather than license the right to do so. [4] Source: Dunning (1981)[6]Categories of advantages Ownership advantagesInternalization advantagesLocation adva ntages Form of market entry Licensing[1] YesNoNo Export YesYesNo FDI YesYesYes [edit]Theory The idea behind the Eclectic Paradigm is to merge several isolated theories of international economics in one approach. 1] Three basic forms of international activities of companies can be distinguished: Export, FDI and Licensing. [1] The so-called OLI-factors are three categories of advantages, namely the ownership advantages, locational advantages and internalization advantages. [1] A precondition for international activities of a company are the availability of net ownership advantages. These advantages can both be material and immaterial. The term net ownership advantages is used to express the advantages that a company has in foreign and unknown markets. 1] According to Dunning two different types of FDI can be distinguished. While resource seeking investments are made in order to establish access to basic material like raw materials or other input factors, market seeking investments are made to enter an existing market or establish a new market. [1] A closer distinction is made by Dunning with the terms efficiency seeking investments, strategic seeking investments and support investments. [1] Trade and FDI patterns for industries and countries. [7]Location advantages StrongWeak Ownership advantagesStrongExportsOutward FDI WeakInward FDIImportsThe eclectic paradigm also contrasts a country's resource endowment and geographical position (providing locational advantages) with firms resources (ownership advantages). [7] In the model, countries can be shown to face one of the four outcomes shown in the figure above. [7] In the top, right hand box in the figure above firms possess competitive advantages, but the home domicile has higher factor and transport costs than foreign locations. [7] The firms therefore make a FDI abroad in order to capture the rents from their advantages. [7] But if the country has locational advantages, strong local firms are more likely to emp hasize exporting. 7] The possibilities when the nation has only weak firms, as in most developing countries, leads to the opposite outcomes. [7] These conditions are similar to those suggested by Porter's diamond model of national competitiveness. [7] [edit]Application in practice In dependence of the categories of advantage there can be chosen the form of the international activity. If a company has ownership advantages like having knowledge about the target market abroad, for example staff with language skills, information about import permissions, appropriate products, contacts and so on, it can do a licensing.The licensing is less cost-intensive than the other forms of internalization. If there are internalization advantages, the company can invest more capital abroad. This can be achieved by export in form of an export subsidiary. The FDI is the most capital intensive activity that a company can choose. According to Dunning, it is considered that locational advantages are neces sary for FDI. This can be realized by factories which are either bought or completely constructed abroad. FDI is the most capital intensive form of internalization activity.

Al Muerzo Resto Bar

He is the current General Manager of Shanghai-La Hotel in Manila. A She graduated com lauded at Southern Luzon State university, finished her master degree major in culinary arts. Currently the executive of golden dragon restaurant. , CYRIL He graduated at Southern Luzon State University. Major in bartering and cocktail mixing. He is the current owner of cheers and Jump He graduated at Southern Luzon State university, major in housekeeping mane alms to be the unique premier organization of casual dining Mexican restaurant.To serve freshly prepared high quality Mexican food in a relaxed and Steve atmosphere by a friendly and knowledgeable staff. We will do so by providing our guest with the most entertaining dining experience in flavor of Mexican cuisine. Toys sounds, energy, fun and flavors of being part of Lucian, Guenon that is so rich and colorful. We provide also who work with us a friendly, hospitable, cooperative and rewarding environment which is the best character of being Lu cian.Our vision is to provide the extraordinary flavor of Mexican, the premium quality food at a reasonable price with the commitment of promoting a unique twist of tastiness n every bite. Introduce the flavor and culture of a Mexican food item and refreshment. Is innovating the new food experience for Lucian though the constant pursuit of perfection. Maintain the hygiene and good facilities of restaurant and using the alternative materials for the better of Lucian, Guenon in no plastic policy.We strive to bring our guest the ultimate dining experience though excellent food, outstanding customer service and genuine hospitality. Is a place where people who truly enjoy real and authentic Mexican cuisine will find an enormous and extensive selection of dishes, appetizer, desserts and drinks from a various part of Mexico. Offers their guest very Mexicans experience ambiance even if where located in Lucian, Guenon, decorated a Mexican style, with bright colors pleasing to the eye, plants , fine art, music, and paper-art found in Mexicans festivals.

Nature as the Mean of Expression in Romanticism

Nature as the Mean of Expression in Romanticism The à ©poque of Enlightment was followed by Romanticism. It was the period of extreme changes in the world outlook. This period expressed a strong criticism of the previous one. The principles of writing and the themes had changed. The main hero of the Romantic literature was a lonely man with sensible soul and isolated from the society in terms of his perception of the reality. The period of Romanticism is characterized by its address to nature, in other words, the world was perceived through the nature.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nature as the Mean of Expression in Romanticism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More â€Å"It is characterized by a shift from the structured, intellectual, reasoned approach of the 1700’s to use of the imagination, freedom of thought and expression, and an idealization of nature† (â€Å"Romanticism†). So, nature was the main tool of Romantic poets and writers they u sed in order to describe different aspects of life and human soul in particular. Romantic writers emphasized the connection of man and nature. They looked at this connection from the moral perspective. The first person who outlined the principles of Romanticism was Jean Jacques Rousseau who said about the human freedom, sensitiveness of human soul and connection with nature: â€Å"Rousseau was to have the deepest and most lasting effect upon the self-understanding of the Romantic mind† (Travers 4). In Britain, at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries, Romanticism developed very quickly and was the most expressive. Different authors revealed to nature in order to express their intentions and thoughts. Moreover, â€Å"English poets, such as Lord Byron and Persey Bysshe Shelley used nature as their inspiration. They wrote of nature being wild and without logic and their poems evoked strong feelings in their readers† (Gunderson 15). One of the best romant ic writers of England were William Wordsworth, Samuel Coliredge, Percy Bysshe Shelley and Mary Shelley. They used quite different respective depictions of nature, however, the one thing is common: the descriptions of nature in their works are aimed at depicting the characters, behavior, feelings and concerns of the main heroes. Onno Oerlemans says, â€Å"I think, that Wordsworth is the most original†¦.Wordsworth’s nature (as cycles of life, or an emblem of eternity) rarely provides the kind of relief†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In his Tinturn Abbey, he used the descriptions of nature to show the feelings of protagonist and his memories. For him, nature is the sort of eternal teacher of human. â€Å"Nature to Wordsworth is a mother-goddess who teaches the soul† (Gleckner 311), he acclaims: Knowing that Nature never did betray The heart that loved her; tis her privilege, Through all the years of this our life, to lead From joy to joy: for she can so inform The mind that is withi n us, so impress With quietness and beauty, and so feed With lofty thoughts, that neither evil tongues, Rash judgments, nor the sneers of selfish men, Nor greetings where no kindness is, nor all (Wordsworth 212)Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Wordsworth’s descriptions of the Tinturn Abbey are gentle and he emphasizes that nature is the keeper of the time: Therefore let the moon Shine on thee in thy solitary walk; And let the misty mountain-winds be free To blow against thee: and, in after years, (Wordsworth 121) At the same time, Shelley focuses on the connection of the natural processes and the way people think. He uses the comparison of the river being born in mountains with the thought being born in one’s mind: In the wild woods, among the mountains lone, Where waterfalls around it leap forever, Where woods and winds contend, and a vast rive r 10 Over its rocks ceaselessly bursts and raves (Shelley 64) Moreover, he uses the descriptions of a â€Å"dark valley† that produces the effect of trans on the reader. The epithets and images they create evoke deep emotions in readers. In Samuel Coleridges Rime of the Ancient Mariner, one can see the descriptions of the sea. The storm and the dead calm of the sea are the main means to reveal the essence of the story. Moreover, the author uses the bird albatross as a metaphor that meant â€Å"the will of God† and sometimes compared with the symbol death. The images of nature in work of every author are quite different, Wordsworth describes it gently using special epithets; Shelley uses the images of nature in order to show the flow of time and his sorrow, his pictures are more dark and ferocious. Coleridge describes the sea, and even when it is calm, it still evokes horror and foreboding of evil. One more wonderful writer of the period of Romanism is Mary Shelley with her famous Frankenstein. This writer is probably the one who used the images of nature in order to reveal every single thought and emotion of one of the main characters Victor.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nature as the Mean of Expression in Romanticism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The author uses natural phenomena metaphorically in order to describe Victor’s early years: â€Å"I find it arise, like a mountain river, from ignoble and almost forgotten sources; but swelling as it proceeded, it became the torrent which, in its course, has swept away all my hopes and joys† (Shelley, 21). In addition, every Victor’s emotion is connected with nature. The nature is one that helps him to survive horrible moments in his life. To sum up it all, it should be mentioned one more time that nature and its images served as the main tool for the writers of Romanticism. They perceived the world through th e nature and searched answers for eternal questions of being. Finally, all romantic writers were great masters of description. Gleckner, Robert, Gerald E. Enscoe. Romanticism: points of view. USA: Wayne State University Press, 1974.Print Gunderson, Jessica. Romanticism. Minnesota: Creative Education, 2008. Print Oerlemans, Onno. Romanticism and the Materiality of Nature. London: University of Toronto Press. Inc, 2002. Print â€Å"Romanticism.† Online Encyclopedia 2007. Microsoft Encarta, Microsoft Corporation, n. d. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. United States of America: Dover Publications, Inc, 1994Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Shelley, Percy Bysshe. The Complete Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley. Volume 2. BiblioBazzar, LLC, 2000. Print Travers, Martin. European Literature from Romanticism to Postmodernism: A Reader in Aesthetic. New York NY, 2001. Pront Wordsworth, William. The Major Works. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc, 2000. 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Database Development Example

Database Development Example Database Development – Term Paper Example Database development Functional decomposition, conceptual schemas, enterprise data modelling and the overall development lifecycle process are important terms related to database development. Each of these is discussed briefly in this paper.Functional decomposition is â€Å"the process of breaking down the functions of an organisation into progressively greater levels of detail† (Singh, 2009, p.327). Each function is described in fine detail in terms of the other functions. The purpose is to breakdown the different modules to the simplest unit, which helps to eliminate redundancies, anomalies and any inconsistencies. Singh (2009) gives the algorithm for decomposing R, the universal relation schema, into D, the set of relation schemas which is the decomposition of R, as follows:A conceptual schema describes the data stored in a database management system in terms of its data model (Gupta, 2007, p.4). It is a description of the relations involved, the kind of records contained, and the method for deriving objects conceptually from the objects from an internal perspective. It is distinguished therefore, from the physical and external schemas, which specify the storage details and define the logical records and relationships from an external view.However, the first step in developing a database is enterprise data modelling â€Å"in which the scope and general contents of organisational databases are specified† (ELAC, 2009). It is usually depicted by entity relationship diagrams. The entire â€Å"process of designing, implementing and maintaining a database system to meet strategic or operational information needs of an organisation or enterprise† (Singh, 2009, p.300) is known as the database development life cycle. As such, it is typically a part of the software development life cycle, and its typical components are shown in the diagram below and enumerated as under:Feasibility study and requirement analysisDatabase designDatabase implementData and application conversionTesting and validationMonitoring and maintenance(Source: Singh, 2009, p.301)Database development is clearly a process that requires careful planning commensurate with its complexity. The four terms discussed are all important parts or aspects to ensure the development process is as smooth and efficient as possible and which fulfils the users’ needs.ReferencesELAC. (2009). Database development process. Lecture 2 Notes, East Los Angeles College. Retrieved Dec. 5, 2010 from coursehero.com/file/2584364/Lecture2Notes.Gupta, Aditya Kumar. (2007). Taxonomy of database management system. Firewall Media.Singh, S. K. (2009). Database systems: concepts, design and applications. Pearson Education.